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c/c++: 多线程编程基础讲解(三)

2011-10-27 14:53 417 查看
线程会创建了,如何在线程调用函数时,传入参数呢?则应如下所示:

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>

using namespace std;

#define NUM_THREADS 5

void* say_hello(void* args)
{
int i = *((int*)args);//对传入的参数进行强制类型转换,由无类型指针变为整形数指针,然后再读取;
cout << "hello in " << i << endl;
}

int main()
{
pthread_t tids[NUM_THREADS];
cout << "hello in main..." << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; ++i)
{
int ret = pthread_create(&tids[i], NULL, say_hello, (void *)&i);//传入的时候必须强制转换为void* 类型,即无类型指针
cout << "Current pthread id =" << tids[i] << endl;//这里学会使用tids数组打印创建的进程id信息;
if (ret != 0)
{
cout << "pthread_create error: error_code=" << ret << endl;
}
}

pthread_exit(NULL);
}


编译、运行,结果如下:

Current pthread id =139671233451792
Current pthread id =139671222961936
Current pthread id =139671212472080
Current pthread id =139671201982224
Current pthread id =139671191492368
hello in 4196496
hello in 4196496
hello in 4196496
hello in 4196496
hello in 4196496

是否发现了问题?对,i的值没有输出预想的结果,这是因为多线程造成的,主进程在i还未赋值时,线程已经开始跑啦!~

那么下面代码是正确的:

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>

using namespace std;

#define NUM_THREADS 5

void* say_hello(void* args)
{
cout << "hello in thread " << *((int *)args) << endl;
}

int main()
{
pthread_t tids[NUM_THREADS];
int indexes[NUM_THREADS];//用个数组来保存i的值,就不会变了

for(int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; ++i)
{
indexes[i] = i;//先保存i的值,在调用线程就不会出现问题了
int ret = pthread_create( &tids[i], NULL, say_hello, (void *)&(indexes[i]) );
if (ret != 0)
{
cout << "pthread_create error: error_code=" << ret << endl;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; ++i)
pthread_join(tids[i], NULL);
}

编译、运行:(源程序去掉了打印线程id的废话)

[cpp@node2 pthread]$ ./ex_create_args_ok
hello in thread 3
hello in thread 4
hello in thread 2
hello in thread 1
hello in thread 0


 
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