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#.net 中的 HttpWebRequest 和 HttpWebResponse 类发送客户端证书

2011-04-23 23:51 501 查看
当在 Web 服务器需要一个使用 HttpWebRequestHttpWebResponse 类时,您可以发送客户端证书。若要获取可用于通过使用 HttpWebRequest 类发送客户端证书的证书,使用下列方法之一:

方法 1

loadTOCNode(3, 'moreinformation');
使用 x509 证书 类来读取该证书从一个.cer 文件,然后设置 ClientCertificates 属性。

方法 2

loadTOCNode(3, 'moreinformation');
使用 CryptoAPI 调用来获得证书从证书存储区,然后将 x509 证书 类设置为您接收到来自证书存储区的证书。然后,您可以设置 ClientCertificates 属性。

发送客户端证书的要求

loadTOCNode(2, 'moreinformation');
在使用 ASP.NET 应用程序,请确保完成以下要求:
LOCAL_MACHINE 注册表配置单元中,而不是在 CURRENT_USER 注册表配置单元,必须安装客户端证书。若要确认客户端证书的安装位置,请按照下列步骤操作:
单击 开始、 单击 运行,键入 mmc,然后单击 确定
文件 菜单上单击 添加/删除管理单元
添加/删除管理单元 对话框中单击 添加
添加独立管理单元 对话框中单击 证书,然后单击 添加
证书管理单元 对话框中单击 计算机帐户,然后单击 下一步
选择计算机 对话框中单击 完成
添加独立管理单元 对话框中单击 关闭,然后单击 确定
展开 证书 (本地计算机),展开 个人,然后单击 证书
在右窗格中应列出该客户端证书。
您必须授予 ASP.NET 用户私人密钥以便客户端证书的帐户权限。若要为 ASP.NET 用户帐户权限的客户端证书的私钥,使用 $ WinHttpCertCfg.exe 工具。有关详细的信息请单击下面的文章编号,以查看 Microsoft 知识库中相应的文章:
823193 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/823193/ ) 如何获得 Windows HTTP 5.1 证书和跟踪工具 有关如何使用此工具,请访问下面的 Microsoft 开发人员网络 (MSDN) 的网站的详细信息:
WinHttpCertCfg.exe,证书配置工具 http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384088.aspx (http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384088.aspx)

使用.cer 文件

loadTOCNode(2, 'moreinformation');
方法 1 会更易于使用,但方法要求您拥有一个.cer 文件。如果您没有安装的.cer 文件,使用 Microsoft Internet 资源管理器导出.cer 文件。

下面的源代码介绍如何获取证书的.cer 文件可以使用与 HttpWebRequest class.

//Uncomment the following code if you need a proxy. The boolean true is used to bypass the local address.
//WebProxy proxyObject = new WebProxy("Your Proxy value",true);
//GlobalProxySelection.Select = proxyObject;

// Obtain the certificate.
try
{
//You must change the path to point to your .cer file location.
X509Certificate Cert = X509Certificate.CreateFromCertFile("C:\\mycert.cer");
// Handle any certificate errors on the certificate from the server.
ServicePointManager.CertificatePolicy = new CertPolicy();
// You must change the URL to point to your Web server.
HttpWebRequest Request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("https://YourServer/sample.asp");
Request.ClientCertificates.Add(Cert);
Request.UserAgent = "Client Cert Sample";
Request.Method = "GET";
HttpWebResponse Response = (HttpWebResponse)Request.GetResponse();
// Print the repsonse headers.
Console.WriteLine("{0}",Response.Headers);
Console.WriteLine();
// Get the certificate data.
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(Response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.Default);
int count;
char [] ReadBuf = new char[1024];
do
{
count = sr.Read(ReadBuf, 0, 1024);
if (0 != count)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string(ReadBuf));
}

}while(count > 0);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}

//Implement the ICertificatePolicy interface.
class CertPolicy: ICertificatePolicy
{
public bool CheckValidationResult(ServicePoint srvPoint,
X509Certificate certificate, WebRequest request, int certificateProblem)
{
// You can do your own certificate checking.
// You can obtain the error values from WinError.h.

// Return true so that any certificate will work with this sample.
return true;
}
}

使用 CryptoAPI 调用

loadTOCNode(2, 'moreinformation');
如果您必须获取该证书从证书存储区,CryptoAPI 函数用于获取该的证书,然后将其存储在 x509 证书 的类对象。X509CertificateCollection 类枚举存储区中的所有证书,然后将其置于 X509CertificateCollection 类对象中。

如果您要获取某个特定证书,必须更改类代码使用 CertFindCertificateInStore 函数获取特定的证书。此函数被声明 Wincrypt.h 文件中。 或者,您可以枚举 X509CertificateCollection 函数来查找所需的证书。

下面的代码示例使用从 CertEnumCertificatesInStore 函数返回的集合中的第一个证书

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace SelectClientCert
{
/// Sample that describes how how to select client cetificate and send it to the server.

class MyCerts{

private static int CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM = 10;
private static int CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER = (1 << 16);
///private static int CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_LOCAL_MACHINE = (2 << 16);

[DllImport("CRYPT32", EntryPoint="CertOpenStore", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
public static extern IntPtr CertOpenStore(
int storeProvider, int encodingType,
int hcryptProv, int flags, string pvPara);

[DllImport("CRYPT32", EntryPoint="CertEnumCertificatesInStore", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
public static extern IntPtr CertEnumCertificatesInStore(
IntPtr storeProvider,
IntPtr prevCertContext);

[DllImport("CRYPT32", EntryPoint="CertCloseStore", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
public static extern bool CertCloseStore(
IntPtr storeProvider,
int flags);

X509CertificateCollection m_certs;

public MyCerts(){
m_certs = new X509CertificateCollection();
}

public int Init()
{
IntPtr storeHandle;
storeHandle = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0, CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER, "MY");
IntPtr currentCertContext;
currentCertContext = CertEnumCertificatesInStore(storeHandle, (IntPtr)0);
int i = 0;
while (currentCertContext != (IntPtr)0)
{
m_certs.Insert(i++, new X509Certificate(currentCertContext));
currentCertContext = CertEnumCertificatesInStore(storeHandle, currentCertContext);
}
CertCloseStore(storeHandle, 0);

return m_certs.Count;
}

public X509Certificate this [int index]
{
get
{
// Check the index limits.
if (index < 0 || index > m_certs.Count)
return null;
else
return m_certs[index];
}
}
};
class MyHttpResource
{
String m_url;

public MyHttpResource(string url){
m_url = url;
}

public void GetFile(){

HttpWebResponse result = null;

try{

HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(m_url);
req.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

///Method1
//req.ClientCertificates.Add(X509Certificate.CreateFromCertFile("D:\\Temp\\cert\\c1.cer"));

///Method2
///Uses interop services
MyCerts mycert = new MyCerts();
if(mycert.Init() > 0)
req.ClientCertificates.Add(mycert[0]);

result = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();

Stream ReceiveStream = result.GetResponseStream();
Encoding encode = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");

StreamReader sr = new StreamReader( ReceiveStream, encode );
Console.WriteLine("\r\nResponse stream received");

Char[] read = new Char[256];
int count = sr.Read( read, 0, 256 );

Console.WriteLine("HTTP Response...\r\n");
while (count > 0)
{
String str = new String(read, 0, count);
Console.Write(str);
count = sr.Read(read, 0, 256);
}

}
catch(WebException e)
{

Console.WriteLine("\r\nError:");
#if (DEBUG)
Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
#else
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
#endif

}
finally
{
if ( result != null ) {
result.Close();
}
}

}

}

class CertSample
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
if (args.Length < 1)
{
Console.WriteLine("No url is entered to download, returning.\n");
Console.WriteLine("Usage: CertSample <urltoget>\n");
Console.WriteLine(" e.g: CertSample https://servername \n");

return;
}

MyHttpResource hr = new MyHttpResource(args[0]);
hr.GetFile();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
}
return;
}
}
}

有关更多的信息,请访问下面的 Microsoft 开发人员网络 (MSDN) 的网站:

x509 证书类
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.cryptography.x509certificates.x509certificate(vs.71).aspx (http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.cryptography.x509certificates.x509certificate(vs.71).aspx)
平台 SDK: 加密
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa380255.aspx
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