Oracle 11g Data Guard 使用duplicate from active database 创建 standby database

在blog：Oracle 11gR2 使用 RMAN duplicate from active database 复制数据库 http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2011/03/08/6230498.aspx演示了11gR2 下duplicate from active database的例子。 在这里继续使用这个命令来创建一个物理standby。 用这种方式来搭建DG ，主库的停机时间很少，只需要重启一下，使参数生效。也可以用这种方法进行DB迁移。DG搭建好，然后把备库激活就可以了。 这样整个迁移中宕机时间也比较短。 Oracle 10g下rman duplicate 创建standby 参考Blog： 用RMAN复制 搭建 物理 Data Gurad 环境 http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/23/5756750.aspx Oracle 11g的pyhsical standby 支持open read only 下的apply和Real-time query。 因此就有了physical standby 稳定和logical standby 的报表查询功能。 Oracle： 11.2.0.1OS： redhat 5.5Primary IP: 192.168.2.42DB_NAME=orcl Standby IP: 192.168.2.43DB_NAME=orcl 一. Primary 端操作：1. 设置归档模式 这个生产库都是这种模式。 SQL> archive log list; SQL> shutdown immediate SQL> startup mount SQL> alter database archivelog; SQL> archive log list; 2. Primary 设置force loggingSQL> alter database force logging;SQL> select force_logging from v$database;FORCE_LOG---------YES 3. 配置Oracle Net 在Primary 库和Standby 都要修改。也可以使用netca 和netmgr命令配置。注意：修改完后记得重启listener。 Listener.ora[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat listener.ora LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521)) ) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (SID_NAME = orcl) ) ) -- 配置静态注册 tnsname.ora[oracle@qs-dmm-rh1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora ORCL_ST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) ORCL_PD = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) 4. 添加data guard 参数 创建pfile, 添加如下文件：SQL> create pfile from spfile;*.db_name='orcl'*.db_unique_name='orcl_pd' *.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl_pd,orcl_st)'*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl_pd'*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl_st reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl_st'*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable *.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable *.standby_file_management='auto'*.fal_server='orcl_st'*.fal_client='orcl_pd' 注意： 在Oracle 11g的Data Guard中，standby_archive_dest参数已经被取消了。 Standby归档文件的存放位置按如下规则来进行：（1）当LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n设置了valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles)，那么在不定义standby_archive_dest参数时，Oracle就会选择LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n参数作为归档目标。（2）如果在第一步设置的同时，又独立设置LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n参数为 valid_for=(standby_logfile,*) 属性，那么当compatible参数大于10.0的时候，会自动的选择任意一个LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n的值。（3）如果LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n 没有设置的话，默认位置是： $ORACLE_HOME/dbs. 不过valid_for参数的默认值就是all_logfiles和all_roles. 所以只要设置了本地的归档位置，远程的归档文件也会放到这个目录下面。 5. 用新pfile重启主库 SQL> shutdown immediateDatabase closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';File created.SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 422670336 bytesFixed Size 1336960 bytesVariable Size 310380928 bytesDatabase Buffers 104857600 bytesRedo Buffers 6094848 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> 二. Standby 端设置： 1. 创建相关目录结构[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave--这里我们创建的目录和Target 库不同，我们在参数文件里需要转换一下。 2. 创建standby的口令文件[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 trace]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapwdave password=oracle 3. 创建standby的初始化参数：*db_name=orcl*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control03.ctl'*.db_unique_name='orcl_st' *.log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl_pd,orcl_st)'*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl_st'*.log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl_pd reopen=120 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl_pd'*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable *.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable *.standby_file_management='auto'*.fal_server='orcl_pd'*.fal_client='orcl_st'*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave'*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave' 4. 用pfile 将standby 启动到nomount状态：SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.oraORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 146472960 bytesFixed Size 1335080 bytesVariable Size 92274904 bytesDatabase Buffers 50331648 bytesRedo Buffers 2531328 bytes 5. 开始duplicate [oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@orcl_pd auxiliary sys/oracle@orcl_st Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 8 16:10:25 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1272955137)connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted) RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database; Starting Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11using target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK contents of Memory Script:{ backup as copy reuse targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl' auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl' ;--用duplicate 创建standby 时会复制口令文件}executing Memory Script Starting backup at 08-MAR-11allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=45 device type=DISKFinished backup at 08-MAR-11 contents of Memory Script:{ backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl'; restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control02.ctl' from '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl'; restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control03.ctl' from '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/control01.ctl';--创建控制文件}executing Memory Script Starting backup at 08-MAR-11using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copycopying standby control fileoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f tag=TAG20110308T161152 RECID=4 STAMP=745258313channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03Finished backup at 08-MAR-11 Starting restore at 08-MAR-11using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copyFinished restore at 08-MAR-11 Starting restore at 08-MAR-11using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copyFinished restore at 08-MAR-11 contents of Memory Script:{ sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';--将备库启动到mount standby}executing Memory Script sql statement: alter database mount standby database contents of Memory Script:{ set newname for tempfile 1 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf"; switch clone tempfile all; set newname for datafile 1 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 2 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 3 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 4 to "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf"; backup as copy reuse datafile 1 auxiliary format "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf" datafile 2 auxiliary format "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf" datafile 3 auxiliary format "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf" datafile 4 auxiliary format "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf" ; sql 'alter system archive log current';--将datafile convert 到其他目录}executing Memory Script executing command: SET NEWNAME renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/temp01.dbf in control file executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME Starting backup at 08-MAR-11using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy--开始copy datafile，如果数据文件比较大，这个会比较慢input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copyinput datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbfoutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T161204channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 08-MAR-11 sql statement: alter system archive log current contents of Memory Script:{ switch clone datafile all;}executing Memory Script datafile 1 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/system01.dbfdatafile 2 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/sysaux01.dbfdatafile 3 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/undotbs01.dbfdatafile 4 switched to datafile copyinput datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=745258432 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/users01.dbfFinished Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11 RMAN> DG 复制到这一步已经操作完成了。 但是还有一些细节需要处理。

两点注意事项：

（1）如果使用的是非catalog，在rman 连接时，加上nocatalog关键字，如：

DG2:/home/oracle> rman targetsys/oracle@DG_PD auxiliarysys/oracle@DG_ST nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 -Production on Fri Oct 28 18:46:46 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: DG(DBID=1679060044)
using target databasecontrol file instead of recovery catalog
connected to auxiliary database: DG (notmounted)

不然会报如下错误：

DBGSQL: TARGET> begin :fhdbi := dbms_rcvcat.getDbid; end;
DBGSQL: sqlcode = 6550
DBGSQL: B :fhdbi = 32767
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGESTACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571:===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db commandat 10/28/2011 17:53:04
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of targetdatabase
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored scriptMemory Script
ORA-06550: line 1, column 17:
PLS-00201: identifier'DBMS_RCVCAT.GETDBID' must be declared
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored

（2） 在执行duplicate的时候，如果源库和目标库目录相同，那么在duplicate 时，需要加上nofilenamecheck，如下：


RMAN> duplicate target database forstandby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;

我在上面的示例中，目录结构不同，所以没有用该参数，如果目录相同，而又没有加该参数，那么就会报如下错误：


RMAN> duplicate target database forstandby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;

RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of targetdatabase
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the targetdatabase
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/undotbs01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/sysaux01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database
RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/system01.dbf conflicts with a file used by thetarget database

三. 后续工作 1. 主库已经使用了spfile，但是备库用的还是之前的pfile：Primary:SQL> show parameter pfileNAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ------- ------------------------------spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 Standby:SQL> show parameter pfileNAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------spfile string pfile里面都是我们设置的一些基本参数。 但是备库有冗余的作用，所以这里还是建议用主库的pfile copy过来，然后修改相关参数后，在创建spfile。 这样即使切换了，对DB的影响也不大。 2. 只要备库的监听不重启，重启备库后，主库还是能识别的。 如果备库的监听重启了。那么主库也就需要重启。 3. 复制结束后的Standby 只启动到mount standby 的状态。 并没有启动MRP的应用归档程序。 所以这个时候查询主备库，归档是不同步的。需要手动的启动MRP进程。SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; 4. 备库Standby redo log 问题： 在duplicate 结束后，备库没有添加standby redo log file。 但是主库采用的是：lgwr async传送的日志。 当备库的RFS 进程接收到日志后，发现备库没有standby redo log的时候，备库会自动用ARCH将其写入归档文件。 以下是备库的alert log：Tue Mar 08 16:53:32 2011Archived Log entry 9 added for thread 1 sequence 21 rlc 745174404 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 2:RFS[2]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 22 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404Tue Mar 08 16:53:36 2011Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_21_745174404.dbfMedia Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 22 (in transit) --传输中Tue Mar 08 16:58:58 2011Archived Log entry 10 added for thread 1 sequence 22 rlc 745174404 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 2:RFS[2]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 23 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404Tue Mar 08 16:59:00 2011Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_22_745174404.dbfMedia Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 23 (in transit)-- 注意这里归档文件目录，使用的是$ORACLE_HOME/dbs, 自动转换为ARCH时，也是使用默认的归档目录。 5. 在备库添加standby redo log：SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m;alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01156: recovery or flashback in progress may need access to files--在备库添加standby redo log需要先停MRPSQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo02.log' size 50m;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo03.log' size 50m;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dave/stdbyredo04.log' size 50m;Database altered.SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;Database altered. 在看一下日志：Tue Mar 08 17:47:39 2011Archived Log entry 15 added for thread 1 sequence 27 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 1:RFS[2]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 28 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404Tue Mar 08 17:47:43 2011Archived Log entry 16 added for thread 1 sequence 28 ID 0x4bdfd301 dest 1:Media Recovery Log /u01/archivelog/1_27_745174404.dbfRFS[2]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 29 dbid 1272955137 branch 745174404Media Recovery Log /u01/archivelog/1_28_745174404.dbfMedia Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 29 (in transit)--我们添加standby redo log 之后，归档文件变成了我们指定的Log_archive_dest_n 指定的参数。 6. 在主库也添加一下standby redo log SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo01.log' size 50m;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo02.log' size 50m;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo03.log' size 50m;Database altered.SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/stdbyredo04.log' size 50m;Database altered. 7. 启用real-time apply，从而实现real-time query： SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;Database altered.SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;Database altered.SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;Database altered. 8. 验证real-time apply 和real-time query： Primary：SQL> create table dave(id number,name varchar2(20));Table created.SQL> insert into dave values(1,'tianlesoftware');1 row created.SQL> commit;Commit complete. Standby：SQL> select open_mode from v$database;OPEN_MODE--------------------READ ONLY WITH APPLY SQL> select * from dave; ID NAME---------- --------------- 1 tianlesoftware 小结： 11gR2 的物理Data Guard 功能很强大. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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