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基本的HTML文本解析器的设计和实现（C/C++源码)--转csdn

2011-01-24 09:24 603 查看

作者：庄晓立 (liigo)

日期：2011-1-19

原创链接：http://blog.csdn.net/liigo/archive/2011/01/19/6153829.aspx

转载请保持本文完整性，并注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/liigo

关键字：HTML，解析器(Parser)，节点(Node)，标签(Tag)

这是进入2011年以来，本人(liigo)“重复发明轮子”系列博文中的最新一篇。本文主要探讨如何设计和实现一个基本的HTML文本解析器。

众所周知，HTML是结构化文档(Structured Document)，由诸多标签（等）嵌套形成的著名的文档对象模型（DOM, Document Object Model），是显而易见的树形多层次结构。如果带着这种思路看待HTML、编写HTML解析器，无疑将导致问题复杂化。不妨从另一视角俯视HTML文本，视其为一维线状结构：诸多单一节点的顺序排列。仔细审视任何一段HTML文本，以左右尖括号（<和>）为边界，会发现HTML文本被天然地分割为：一个标签（Tag），接一段普通文字，再一个标签，再一段普通文字…… 如下图所示：

标签有两种，开始标签（如）和结束标签（），它们和普通文字一起，顺序排列，共同构成了HTML文本的全部。

为了再次简化编程模型，我(liigo)继续将“开始标签”“结束标签”“普通文字”三者统一抽象归纳为“节点”（HtmlNode），相应的，“节点”有三种类型，要么是开始标签，要么是结束标签，要么是普通文字。现在，HTML在我们眼里更加单纯了，它就是“节点”的线性顺序组合，是一维的“节点”数组。如下图所示：HTML文本 = 节点1 + 节点2 + 节点3 + ……

在正式编码之前，先确定好“节点”的数据结构。作为“普通文字”节点，需要记录一个文本(text)；作为“标签”节点，需要记录标签名称(tagName)、标签类型(tagType)、所有属性值(props)；另外还要有个类型(type)以便区分该节点是普通文字、开始标签还是结束标签。这其中固然有些冗余信息，比如对标签来说不需要记录文本，对普通文字来说又不需要记录标签名称、属性值等，不过无伤大雅，简洁的编程模型是最大的诱惑。用C/C++语言语法表示如下：

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01.enum HtmlNodeType
02.{
03. NODE_UNKNOWN = 0,
04. NODE_START_TAG,
05. NODE_CLOSE_TAG,
06. NODE_CONTENT,
07.};
08.enum HtmlTagType
09.{
10. TAG_UNKNOWN = 0,
11. TAG_A, TAG_DIV, TAG_FONT, TAG_IMG, TAG_P, TAG_SPAN, TAG_BR, TAG_B, TAG_I, TAG_HR,
12.};
13.struct HtmlNodeProp
14.{
15. WCHAR* szName;
16. WCHAR* szValue;
17.};
18.#define MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH (15)
19.struct HtmlNode
20.{
21. HtmlNodeType type;
22. HtmlTagType tagType;
23. WCHAR tagName[MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH+1];
24. WCHAR* text;
25. int propCount;
26. HtmlNodeProp* props;
27.};
enum HtmlNodeType
{
NODE_UNKNOWN = 0,
NODE_START_TAG,
NODE_CLOSE_TAG,
NODE_CONTENT,
};
enum HtmlTagType
{
TAG_UNKNOWN = 0,
TAG_A, TAG_DIV, TAG_FONT, TAG_IMG, TAG_P, TAG_SPAN, TAG_BR, TAG_B, TAG_I, TAG_HR,
};
struct HtmlNodeProp
{
WCHAR* szName;
WCHAR* szValue;
};
#define MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH (15)
struct HtmlNode
{
HtmlNodeType type;
HtmlTagType tagType;
WCHAR tagName[MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH+1];
WCHAR* text;
int propCount;
HtmlNodeProp* props;
};

具体到编写程序代码，要比想象中容易的多。编码的核心要点是，以左右尖括号（<和>）为边界自然分割标签和普通文字。左右尖括号之间的当然是标签节点（开始标签或结束标签），左尖括号(<)之前（直到前一个右尖括号或开头）、右尖括号(>)之后（直到后一个左尖括号或结尾）的显然是普通文字节点。区分开始标签或结束标签的关键点是，看左尖括号(<)后面第一个非空白字符是否为'/'。对于开始标签，在标签名称后面，间隔至少一个空白字符，可能会有形式为“key1=value1 key2=value2 key3”的属性表，关于属性表，后文有专门的函数负责解析。此外有一点要注意，属性值一般有引号括住，引号内出现的左右尖括号应该不被视为边界分隔符。

下面就是负责把HTML文本解析为一个个节点（HtmlNode）的核心代码（不足百行，够精简吧）：

view plaincopy to clipboardprint?01.void HtmlParser::ParseHtml(const WCHAR* szHtml) 02.{ 03. m_html = szHtml ? szHtml : L""; 04. freeHtmlNodes(); 05. if(szHtml == NULL || *szHtml == L'/0') return; 06. WCHAR* p = (WCHAR*) szHtml; 07. WCHAR* s = (WCHAR*) szHtml; 08. HtmlNode* pNode = NULL; 09. WCHAR c; 10. bool bInQuotes = false; 11. while( c = *p ) 12. { 13. if(c == L'/"') 14. { 15. bInQuotes = !bInQuotes; 16. p++; continue; 17. } 18. if(bInQuotes) 19. { 20. p++; continue; 21. } 22. if(c == L'<') 23. { 24. if(p > s) 25. { 26. //Add Text Node 27. pNode = NewHtmlNode(); 28. pNode->type = NODE_CONTENT; 29. pNode->text = duplicateStrUtill(s, L'<', true); 30. } 31. s = p + 1; 32. } 33. else if(c == L'>') 34. { 35. if(p > s) 36. { 37. //Add HtmlTag Node 38. pNode = NewHtmlNode(); 39. while(isspace(*s)) s++; 40. pNode->type = (*s != L'/' ? NODE_START_TAG : NODE_CLOSE_TAG); 41. if(*s == L'/') s++; 42. copyStrUtill(pNode->tagName, MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH, s, L'>', true); 43. //处理自封闭的结点, 如 , 删除tagName中可能会有的'/'字符 44. //自封闭的结点的type设置为NODE_START_TAG应该可以接受(否则要引入新的NODE_STARTCLOSE_TAG) 45. int tagNamelen = wcslen(pNode->tagName); 46. if(pNode->tagName[tagNamelen-1] == L'/') 47. pNode->tagName[tagNamelen-1] = L'/0'; 48. //处理结点属性 49. for(int i = 0; i < tagNamelen; i++) 50. { 51. if(pNode->tagName[i] == L' ' //第一个空格后面跟的是属性列表 52. || pNode->tagName[i] == L'=') //扩展支持这种格式: <tagName=value>, 等效于<tagName tagName=value> 53. { 54. WCHAR* props = (pNode->tagName[i] == L' ' ? s + i + 1 : s); 55. pNode->text = duplicateStrUtill(props, L'>', true); 56. int nodeTextLen = wcslen(pNode->text); 57. if(pNode->text[nodeTextLen-1] == L'/') //去掉最后可能会有的'/'字符, 如这种情况: <img src="..." mce_src="..." /> 58. pNode->text[nodeTextLen-1] = L'/0'; 59. pNode->tagName[i] = L'/0'; 60. parseNodeProps(pNode); //parse props 61. break; 62. } 63. } 64. pNode->tagType = getHtmlTagTypeFromName(pNode->tagName); 65. } 66. s = p + 1; 67. } 68. p++; 69. } 70. if(p > s) 71. { 72. //Add Text Node 73. pNode = NewHtmlNode(); 74. pNode->type = NODE_CONTENT; 75. pNode->text = duplicateStr(s, -1); 76. } 77.#ifdef _DEBUG 78. dumpHtmlNodes(); //just for test 79.#endif 80.} void HtmlParser::ParseHtml(const WCHAR* szHtml)
{
m_html = szHtml ? szHtml : L"";
freeHtmlNodes();
if(szHtml == NULL || *szHtml == L'/0') return;
WCHAR* p = (WCHAR*) szHtml;
WCHAR* s = (WCHAR*) szHtml;
HtmlNode* pNode = NULL;
WCHAR c;
bool bInQuotes = false;
while( c = *p )
{
if(c == L'/"')
{
bInQuotes = !bInQuotes;
p++; continue;
}
if(bInQuotes)
{
p++; continue;
}
if(c == L'<')
{
if(p > s)
{
//Add Text Node
pNode = NewHtmlNode();
pNode->type = NODE_CONTENT;
pNode->text = duplicateStrUtill(s, L'<', true);
}
s = p + 1;
}
else if(c == L'>')
{
if(p > s)
{
//Add HtmlTag Node
pNode = NewHtmlNode();
while(isspace(*s)) s++;
pNode->type = (*s != L'/' ? NODE_START_TAG : NODE_CLOSE_TAG);
if(*s == L'/') s++;
copyStrUtill(pNode->tagName, MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH, s, L'>', true);
//处理自封闭的结点, 如 , 删除tagName中可能会有的'/'字符
//自封闭的结点的type设置为NODE_START_TAG应该可以接受(否则要引入新的NODE_STARTCLOSE_TAG)
int tagNamelen = wcslen(pNode->tagName);
if(pNode->tagName[tagNamelen-1] == L'/')
pNode->tagName[tagNamelen-1] = L'/0';
//处理结点属性
for(int i = 0; i < tagNamelen; i++)
{
if(pNode->tagName[i] == L' ' //第一个空格后面跟的是属性列表
|| pNode->tagName[i] == L'=') //扩展支持这种格式: <tagName=value>, 等效于<tagName tagName=value>
{
WCHAR* props = (pNode->tagName[i] == L' ' ? s + i + 1 : s);
pNode->text = duplicateStrUtill(props, L'>', true);
int nodeTextLen = wcslen(pNode->text);
if(pNode->text[nodeTextLen-1] == L'/') //去掉最后可能会有的'/'字符, 如这种情况: <img src="..." mce_src="..." />
pNode->text[nodeTextLen-1] = L'/0';
pNode->tagName[i] = L'/0';
parseNodeProps(pNode); //parse props
break;
}
}
pNode->tagType = getHtmlTagTypeFromName(pNode->tagName);
}
s = p + 1;
}
p++;
}
if(p > s)
{
//Add Text Node
pNode = NewHtmlNode();
pNode->type = NODE_CONTENT;
pNode->text = duplicateStr(s, -1);
}
#ifdef _DEBUG
dumpHtmlNodes(); //just for test
#endif
}

下面是负责解析“开始标签”属性表文本（形如“key1=value1 key2=value2 key3”）的代码，parseNodeProps()，核心思路是按空格和等号字符进行分割属性名和属性值，由于想兼容HTML4.01及以前的不标准的属性表写法（如没有=号也没有属性值），颇费周折：

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01.//[virtual]
02.void HtmlParser::parseNodeProps(HtmlNode* pNode)
03.{
04. if(pNode == NULL || pNode->propCount > 0 || pNode->text == NULL)
05. return;
06. WCHAR* p = pNode->text;
07. WCHAR *ps = NULL;
08. CMem mem;
09. bool inQuote1 = false, inQuote2 = false;
10. WCHAR c;
11. while(c = *p)
12. {
13. if(c == L'/"')
14. {
15. inQuote1 = !inQuote1;
16. }
17. else if(c == L'/'')
18. {
19. inQuote2 = !inQuote2;
20. }
21. if((!inQuote1 && !inQuote2) && (c == L' ' || c == L'/t' || c == L'='))
22. {
23. if(ps)
24. {
25. mem.AddPointer(duplicateStrAndUnquote(ps, p - ps));
26. ps = NULL;
27. }
28. if(c == L'=')
29. mem.AddPointer(NULL);
30. }
31. else
32. {
33. if(ps == NULL)
34. ps = p;
35. }
36. p++;
37. }
38. if(ps)
39. mem.AddPointer(duplicateStrAndUnquote(ps, p - ps));
40. mem.AddPointer(NULL);
41. mem.AddPointer(NULL);
42. WCHAR** pp = (WCHAR**) mem.GetPtr();
43. CMem props;
44. for(int i = 0, n = mem.GetSize() / sizeof(WCHAR*) - 2; i < n; i++)
45. {
46. props.AddPointer(pp[i]); //prop name
47. if(pp[i+1] == NULL)
48. {
49. props.AddPointer(pp[i+2]); //prop value
50. i += 2;
51. }
52. else
53. props.AddPointer(NULL); //prop vlalue
54. }
55. pNode->propCount = props.GetSize() / sizeof(WCHAR*) / 2;
56. pNode->props = (HtmlNodeProp*) props.Detach();
57.}
//[virtual]
void HtmlParser::parseNodeProps(HtmlNode* pNode)
{
if(pNode == NULL || pNode->propCount > 0 || pNode->text == NULL)
return;
WCHAR* p = pNode->text;
WCHAR *ps = NULL;
CMem mem;
bool inQuote1 = false, inQuote2 = false;
WCHAR c;
while(c = *p)
{
if(c == L'/"')
{
inQuote1 = !inQuote1;
}
else if(c == L'/'')
{
inQuote2 = !inQuote2;
}
if((!inQuote1 && !inQuote2) && (c == L' ' || c == L'/t' || c == L'='))
{
if(ps)
{
mem.AddPointer(duplicateStrAndUnquote(ps, p - ps));
ps = NULL;
}
if(c == L'=')
mem.AddPointer(NULL);
}
else
{
if(ps == NULL)
ps = p;
}
p++;
}
if(ps)
mem.AddPointer(duplicateStrAndUnquote(ps, p - ps));
mem.AddPointer(NULL);
mem.AddPointer(NULL);
WCHAR** pp = (WCHAR**) mem.GetPtr();
CMem props;
for(int i = 0, n = mem.GetSize() / sizeof(WCHAR*) - 2; i < n; i++)
{
props.AddPointer(pp[i]); //prop name
if(pp[i+1] == NULL)
{
props.AddPointer(pp[i+2]); //prop value
i += 2;
}
else
props.AddPointer(NULL); //prop vlalue
}
pNode->propCount = props.GetSize() / sizeof(WCHAR*) / 2;
pNode->props = (HtmlNodeProp*) props.Detach();
}

根据标签名称取标签类型的getHtmlTagTypeFromName()方法，就非常直白了，查表，逐一识别：

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01.//[virtual]
02.HtmlTagType HtmlParser::getHtmlTagTypeFromName(const WCHAR* szTagName)
03.{
04. //todo: uses hashmap
05. struct N2T { const WCHAR* name; HtmlTagType type; };
06. static N2T n2tTable[] =
07. {
08. { L"A", TAG_A },
09. { L"FONT", TAG_FONT },
10. { L"IMG", TAG_IMG },
11. { L"P", TAG_P },
12. { L"DIV", TAG_DIV },
13. { L"SPAN", TAG_SPAN },
14. { L"BR", TAG_BR },
15. { L"B", TAG_B },
16. { L"I", TAG_I },
17. { L"HR", TAG_HR },
18. };
19. for(int i = 0, count = sizeof(n2tTable)/sizeof(n2tTable[0]); i < count; i++)
20. {
21. N2T* p = &n2tTable[i];
22. if(wcsicmp(p->name, szTagName) == 0)
23. return p->type;
24. }
25. return TAG_UNKNOWN;
26.}
//[virtual]
HtmlTagType HtmlParser::getHtmlTagTypeFromName(const WCHAR* szTagName)
{
//todo: uses hashmap
struct N2T { const WCHAR* name; HtmlTagType type; };
static N2T n2tTable[] =
{
{ L"A", TAG_A },
{ L"FONT", TAG_FONT },
{ L"IMG", TAG_IMG },
{ L"P", TAG_P },
{ L"DIV", TAG_DIV },
{ L"SPAN", TAG_SPAN },
{ L"BR", TAG_BR },
{ L"B", TAG_B },
{ L"I", TAG_I },
{ L"HR", TAG_HR },
};
for(int i = 0, count = sizeof(n2tTable)/sizeof(n2tTable[0]); i < count; i++)
{
N2T* p = &n2tTable[i];
if(wcsicmp(p->name, szTagName) == 0)
return p->type;
}
return TAG_UNKNOWN;
}

请注意，上文负责解析属性表的parseNodeProps()函数，和负责识别标签名称的getHtmlTagTypeFromName()函数，都是虚函数（virtual method）。我(liigo)这么设计是有深意的，给使用者留下了很大的定制空间，可以自由发挥。例如，通过在子类中覆盖/覆写（override）parseNodeProps()方法，可以采用更好的解析算法，或者干脆不做任何处理以提高HTML解析效率——将来某一时间可以调用基类同名函数专门解析特定标签的属性表；例如，通过在子类中覆盖/覆写（override）getHtmlTagTypeFromName()方法，使用者可以选择识别跟多的标签名称（包括自定义标签），或者识别更少的标签名称，甚至不识别任何标签名称（以便提高解析效率）。以编写网络爬虫程序为实例，它多数情况下通常只需识别<A>标签及其属性就足够了，没必要浪费CPU运算去识别其它标签、解析其他标签属性。

至于HTML文本解析器的用途，我目前想到的有：用于HTML格式检查或规范化，用于重新排版HTML文本，用于编写网络爬虫程序/搜索引擎，用于基于HTML模板的动态网页生成，用于HTML网页渲染前的基础解析，等等。

下面附上完整源码，仅供参考，欢迎指正。

HtmlParser.h：

+ expand sourceview plaincopy to clipboardprint?
#include "common.h"
//HtmlParser类，用于解析HTML文本
//by liigo, @2010
enum HtmlNodeType
{
NODE_UNKNOWN = 0,
NODE_START_TAG,
NODE_CLOSE_TAG,
NODE_CONTENT,
NODE_SOFT_LINE,
};
enum HtmlTagType
{
TAG_UNKNOWN = 0,
TAG_A, TAG_DIV, TAG_FONT, TAG_IMG, TAG_P, TAG_SPAN, TAG_BR, TAG_B, TAG_I, TAG_HR,
TAG_COLOR, TAG_BGCOLOR, //非标准HTML标签, 可以这样使用: <color=red>, 等效于 <color color=red>
};
struct HtmlNodeProp
{
WCHAR* szName;
WCHAR* szValue;
};
#define MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH (15)
struct HtmlNode
{
HtmlNodeType type;
HtmlTagType tagType;
WCHAR tagName[MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH+1];
WCHAR* text;
int propCount;
HtmlNodeProp* props;
};
class HtmlParser
{
friend class HTMLView;
public:
HtmlParser() {}
public:
//html
void ParseHtml(const WCHAR* szHtml);
const WCHAR* GetHtml() const { return m_html.GetText(); }
//nodes
unsigned int getHtmlNodeCount();
HtmlNode* getHtmlNodes();
//props
const HtmlNodeProp* getNodeProp(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName);
const WCHAR* getNodePropStringValue(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName, const WCHAR* szDefaultValue = NULL);
int getNodePropIntValue(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName, int defaultValue = 0);
protected:
//允许子类覆盖, 以便识别更多结点(提高解析质量), 或者识别更少结点(提高解析速度)
virtual HtmlTagType getHtmlTagTypeFromName(const WCHAR* szTagName);
public:
//允许子类覆盖, 以便更好的解析节点属性, 或者干脆不解析节点属性(提高解析速度)
virtual void parseNodeProps(HtmlNode* pNode); //todo: make protected, after testing
private:
HtmlNode* NewHtmlNode();
void freeHtmlNodes();
void dumpHtmlNodes();
private:
CMem m_HtmlNodes;
CMString m_html;
};
//一些文本处理函数
WCHAR* duplicateStr(const WCHAR* pSrc, unsigned int nChar);
void freeDuplicatedStr(WCHAR* p);
unsigned int copyStr(WCHAR* pDest, unsigned int nDest, const WCHAR* pSrc, unsigned int nChar);
#include "common.h"
//HtmlParser类，用于解析HTML文本
//by liigo, @2010
enum HtmlNodeType
{
NODE_UNKNOWN = 0,
NODE_START_TAG,
NODE_CLOSE_TAG,
NODE_CONTENT,
NODE_SOFT_LINE,
};
enum HtmlTagType
{
TAG_UNKNOWN = 0,
TAG_A, TAG_DIV, TAG_FONT, TAG_IMG, TAG_P, TAG_SPAN, TAG_BR, TAG_B, TAG_I, TAG_HR,
TAG_COLOR, TAG_BGCOLOR, //非标准HTML标签, 可以这样使用: <color=red>, 等效于 <color color=red>
};
struct HtmlNodeProp
{
WCHAR* szName;
WCHAR* szValue;
};
#define MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH (15)
struct HtmlNode
{
HtmlNodeType type;
HtmlTagType tagType;
WCHAR tagName[MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH+1];
WCHAR* text;
int propCount;
HtmlNodeProp* props;
};
class HtmlParser
{
friend class HTMLView;
public:
HtmlParser() {}
public:
//html
void ParseHtml(const WCHAR* szHtml);
const WCHAR* GetHtml() const { return m_html.GetText(); }
//nodes
unsigned int getHtmlNodeCount();
HtmlNode* getHtmlNodes();
//props
const HtmlNodeProp* getNodeProp(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName);
const WCHAR* getNodePropStringValue(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName, const WCHAR* szDefaultValue = NULL);
int getNodePropIntValue(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName, int defaultValue = 0);
protected:
//允许子类覆盖, 以便识别更多结点(提高解析质量), 或者识别更少结点(提高解析速度)
virtual HtmlTagType getHtmlTagTypeFromName(const WCHAR* szTagName);
public:
//允许子类覆盖, 以便更好的解析节点属性, 或者干脆不解析节点属性(提高解析速度)
virtual void parseNodeProps(HtmlNode* pNode); //todo: make protected, after testing
private:
HtmlNode* NewHtmlNode();
void freeHtmlNodes();
void dumpHtmlNodes();
private:
CMem m_HtmlNodes;
CMString m_html;
};
//一些文本处理函数
WCHAR* duplicateStr(const WCHAR* pSrc, unsigned int nChar);
void freeDuplicatedStr(WCHAR* p);
unsigned int copyStr(WCHAR* pDest, unsigned int nDest, const WCHAR* pSrc, unsigned int nChar);

HtmlParser.cpp：

+ expand sourceview plaincopy to clipboardprint?#include "HtmlParser.h" //HtmlParser类，用于解析HTML文本 //by liigo, @2010 const WCHAR* wcsnchr(const WCHAR* pStr, int len, WCHAR c) { const WCHAR *p = pStr; while(1) { if(*p == c) return p; p++; if((p - pStr) == len) break; } return NULL; } const WCHAR* getFirstUnquotedChar(const WCHAR* pStr, WCHAR endcahr) { WCHAR c; const WCHAR* p = pStr; bool inQuote1 = false, inQuote2 = false; //'inQuote1', "inQuote2" while(c = *p) { if(c == L'/'') { inQuote1 = !inQuote1; } else if(c == L'/"') { inQuote2 = !inQuote2; } if(!inQuote1 && !inQuote2) { if(c == endcahr) return p; } p++; } return NULL; } //nDest and nChar can by -1 unsigned int copyStr(WCHAR* pDest, unsigned int nDest, const WCHAR* pSrc, unsigned int nChar) { if(pDest == NULL || nDest == 0) return 0; if(pSrc == NULL) { pDest[0] = L'/0'; return 0; } if(nChar == (unsigned int)-1) nChar = wcslen(pSrc); if(nChar > nDest) nChar = nDest; memcpy(pDest, pSrc, nChar * sizeof(WCHAR)); pDest[nChar] = L'/0'; return nChar; } int copyStrUtill(WCHAR* pDest, unsigned int nDest, const WCHAR* pSrc, WCHAR endchar, bool ignoreEndCharInQuoted) { if(nDest == 0) return 0; pDest[0] = L'/0'; const WCHAR* pSearched = (ignoreEndCharInQuoted ? getFirstUnquotedChar(pSrc,endchar) : wcschr(pSrc, endchar)); if(pSearched <= pSrc) return 0; return copyStr(pDest, nDest, pSrc, pSearched - pSrc); } //nChar can be -1 WCHAR* duplicateStr(const WCHAR* pSrc, unsigned int nChar) { if(nChar == (unsigned int)-1) nChar = wcslen(pSrc); WCHAR* pNew = (WCHAR*) malloc( (nChar+1) * sizeof(WCHAR) ); copyStr(pNew, -1, pSrc, nChar); return pNew; } WCHAR* duplicateStrUtill(const WCHAR* pSrc, WCHAR endchar, bool ignoreEndCharInQuoted) { const WCHAR* pSearched = (ignoreEndCharInQuoted ? getFirstUnquotedChar(pSrc,endchar) : wcschr(pSrc, endchar));; if(pSearched <= pSrc) return NULL; int n = pSearched - pSrc; return duplicateStr(pSrc, n); } void freeDuplicatedStr(WCHAR* p) { if(p) free(p); } HtmlNode* HtmlParser::NewHtmlNode() { static char staticHtmlNodeTemplate[sizeof(HtmlNode)] = {0}; /* static HtmlNode staticHtmlNodeTemplate; //= {0}; staticHtmlNodeTemplate.type = NODE_UNKNOWN; staticHtmlNodeTemplate.tagName[0] = L'/0'; staticHtmlNodeTemplate.text = NULL; */ m_HtmlNodes.Append(staticHtmlNodeTemplate, sizeof(HtmlNode)); HtmlNode* pNode = (HtmlNode*) (m_HtmlNodes.GetPtr() + m_HtmlNodes.GetSize() - sizeof(HtmlNode)); return pNode; } void HtmlParser::ParseHtml(const WCHAR* szHtml) { m_html = szHtml ? szHtml : L""; freeHtmlNodes(); if(szHtml == NULL || *szHtml == L'/0') return; WCHAR* p = (WCHAR*) szHtml; WCHAR* s = (WCHAR*) szHtml; HtmlNode* pNode = NULL; WCHAR c; bool bInQuotes = false; while( c = *p ) { if(c == L'/"') { bInQuotes = !bInQuotes; p++; continue; } if(bInQuotes) { p++; continue; } if(c == L'<') { if(p > s) { //Add Text Node pNode = NewHtmlNode(); pNode->type = NODE_CONTENT; pNode->text = duplicateStrUtill(s, L'<', true); } s = p + 1; } else if(c == L'>') { if(p > s) { //Add HtmlTag Node pNode = NewHtmlNode(); while(isspace(*s)) s++; pNode->type = (*s != L'/' ? NODE_START_TAG : NODE_CLOSE_TAG); if(*s == L'/') s++; copyStrUtill(pNode->tagName, MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH, s, L'>', true); //处理自封闭的结点, 如 , 删除tagName中可能会有的'/'字符 //自封闭的结点的type设置为NODE_START_TAG应该可以接受(否则要引入新的NODE_STARTCLOSE_TAG) int tagNamelen = wcslen(pNode->tagName); if(pNode->tagName[tagNamelen-1] == L'/') pNode->tagName[tagNamelen-1] = L'/0'; //处理结点属性 for(int i = 0; i < tagNamelen; i++) { if(pNode->tagName[i] == L' ' //第一个空格后面跟的是属性列表 || pNode->tagName[i] == L'=') //扩展支持这种格式: <tagName=value>, 等效于<tagName tagName=value> { WCHAR* props = (pNode->tagName[i] == L' ' ? s + i + 1 : s); pNode->text = duplicateStrUtill(props, L'>', true); int nodeTextLen = wcslen(pNode->text); if(pNode->text[nodeTextLen-1] == L'/') //去掉最后可能会有的'/'字符, 如这种情况: <img src="..." mce_src="..." /> pNode->text[nodeTextLen-1] = L'/0'; pNode->tagName[i] = L'/0'; parseNodeProps(pNode); //parse props break; } } pNode->tagType = getHtmlTagTypeFromName(pNode->tagName); } s = p + 1; } p++; } if(p > s) { //Add Text Node pNode = NewHtmlNode(); pNode->type = NODE_CONTENT; pNode->text = duplicateStr(s, -1); } #ifdef _DEBUG dumpHtmlNodes(); //just for test #endif } unsigned int HtmlParser::getHtmlNodeCount() { return (m_HtmlNodes.GetSize() / sizeof(HtmlNode)); } HtmlNode* HtmlParser::getHtmlNodes() { return (HtmlNode*) m_HtmlNodes.GetPtr(); } void HtmlParser::freeHtmlNodes() { HtmlNode* pNodes = getHtmlNodes(); for(int i = 0, count = getHtmlNodeCount(); i < count; i++) { HtmlNode* pNode = pNodes + i; if(pNode->text) freeDuplicatedStr(pNode->text); if(pNode->props) MFreeMemory(pNode->props); //see: CMem::Alloc } m_HtmlNodes.Empty(); } //[virtual] HtmlTagType HtmlParser::getHtmlTagTypeFromName(const WCHAR* szTagName) { //todo: uses hashmap struct N2T { const WCHAR* name; HtmlTagType type; }; static N2T n2tTable[] = { { L"A", TAG_A }, { L"FONT", TAG_FONT }, { L"IMG", TAG_IMG }, { L"P", TAG_P }, { L"DIV", TAG_DIV }, { L"SPAN", TAG_SPAN }, { L"BR", TAG_BR }, { L"B", TAG_B }, { L"I", TAG_I }, { L"HR", TAG_HR }, { L"COLOR", TAG_COLOR }, { L"BGCOLOR", TAG_BGCOLOR }, }; for(int i = 0, count = sizeof(n2tTable)/sizeof(n2tTable[0]); i < count; i++) { N2T* p = &n2tTable[i]; if(wcsicmp(p->name, szTagName) == 0) return p->type; } return TAG_UNKNOWN; } void skipSpaceChars(WCHAR*& p) { if(p) { while(isspace(*p)) p++; } } const WCHAR* nextUnqotedSpaceChar(const WCHAR* p) { const WCHAR* r = getFirstUnquotedChar(p, L' '); if(!r) r = getFirstUnquotedChar(p, L'/t'); return r; } const WCHAR* duplicateStrAndUnquote(const WCHAR* str, unsigned int nChar) { if( nChar > 1 && (str[0] == L'/"' && str[nChar-1] == L'/"') || (str[0] == L'/'' && str[nChar-1] == L'/'') ) { str++; nChar-=2; } return duplicateStr(str, nChar); } //[virtual] void HtmlParser::parseNodeProps(HtmlNode* pNode) { if(pNode == NULL || pNode->propCount > 0 || pNode->text == NULL) return; WCHAR* p = pNode->text; WCHAR *ps = NULL; CMem mem; bool inQuote1 = false, inQuote2 = false; WCHAR c; while(c = *p) { if(c == L'/"') { inQuote1 = !inQuote1; } else if(c == L'/'') { inQuote2 = !inQuote2; } if((!inQuote1 && !inQuote2) && (c == L' ' || c == L'/t' || c == L'=')) { if(ps) { mem.AddPointer(duplicateStrAndUnquote(ps, p - ps)); ps = NULL; } if(c == L'=') mem.AddPointer(NULL); } else { if(ps == NULL) ps = p; } p++; } if(ps) mem.AddPointer(duplicateStrAndUnquote(ps, p - ps)); mem.AddPointer(NULL); mem.AddPointer(NULL); WCHAR** pp = (WCHAR**) mem.GetPtr(); CMem props; for(int i = 0, n = mem.GetSize() / sizeof(WCHAR*) - 2; i < n; i++) { props.AddPointer(pp[i]); //prop name if(pp[i+1] == NULL) { props.AddPointer(pp[i+2]); //prop value i += 2; } else props.AddPointer(NULL); //prop vlalue } pNode->propCount = props.GetSize() / sizeof(WCHAR*) / 2; pNode->props = (HtmlNodeProp*) props.Detach(); } const HtmlNodeProp* HtmlParser::getNodeProp(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName) { if(pNode == NULL || pNode->propCount <= 0) return NULL; for(int i = 0; i < pNode->propCount; i++) { HtmlNodeProp* prop = pNode->props + i; if(wcsicmp(prop->szName, szPropName) == 0) return prop; } return NULL; } const WCHAR* HtmlParser::getNodePropStringValue(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName, const WCHAR* szDefaultValue /*= NULL*/) { const HtmlNodeProp* pProp = getNodeProp(pNode, szPropName); if(pProp) return pProp->szValue; else return szDefaultValue; } int HtmlParser::getNodePropIntValue(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName, int defaultValue /*= 0*/) { const HtmlNodeProp* pProp = getNodeProp(pNode, szPropName); if(pProp && pProp->szValue) return _wtoi(pProp->szValue); else return defaultValue; } void HtmlParser::dumpHtmlNodes() { #ifdef _DEBUG HtmlNode* pNodes = getHtmlNodes(); WCHAR buffer[256]; OutputDebugString(L"/n-------- dumpHtmlNodes --------/n"); for(int i = 0, count = getHtmlNodeCount(); i < count; i++) { HtmlNode* pNode = pNodes + i; switch(pNode->type) { case NODE_CONTENT: wsprintf(buffer, L"%2d) type: NODE_CONTENT, text: %s", i, pNode->text); break; case NODE_START_TAG: wsprintf(buffer, L"%2d) type: NODE_START_TAG, tagName: %s (%d), text: %s", i, pNode->tagName, pNode->tagType, pNode->text); break; case NODE_CLOSE_TAG: wsprintf(buffer, L"%2d) type: NODE_CLOSE_TAG, tagName: %s", i, pNode->tagName); break; case NODE_UNKNOWN: default: wsprintf(buffer, L"%2d) type: NODE_UNKNOWN", i); break; } OutputDebugString(buffer); OutputDebugString(L"/n"); if(pNode->propCount > 0) { OutputDebugString(L" props: "); for(int i = 0; i < pNode->propCount; i++) { HtmlNodeProp* prop = pNode->props + i; if(prop->szValue) wsprintf(buffer, L"%s = %s", prop->szName, prop->szValue); else wsprintf(buffer, L"%s", prop->szName); OutputDebugString(buffer); if(i < pNode->propCount - 1) { OutputDebugString(L", "); } } OutputDebugString(L"/n"); } } OutputDebugString(L"-------- end of dumpHtmlNodes --------/n"); #endif } //just for test class TestHtmlParser { public: TestHtmlParser() { HANDLE CMem_GetProcessHeap(); CMem_GetProcessHeap(); HtmlParser htmlParser; HtmlNode node; node.text = L" a=1 b c=/'x y=0/' d = abc "; htmlParser.parseNodeProps(&node); htmlParser.ParseHtml(L"...---<a href="url" mce_href="url">link</a>..."); htmlParser.ParseHtml(L"---< a href=url >link</a>"); htmlParser.ParseHtml(L"/" >"); } }; TestHtmlParser testHtmlParser; #include "HtmlParser.h"
//HtmlParser类，用于解析HTML文本
//by liigo, @2010
const WCHAR* wcsnchr(const WCHAR* pStr, int len, WCHAR c)
{
const WCHAR *p = pStr;
while(1)
{
if(*p == c) return p;
p++;
if((p - pStr) == len) break;
}
return NULL;
}
const WCHAR* getFirstUnquotedChar(const WCHAR* pStr, WCHAR endcahr)
{
WCHAR c;
const WCHAR* p = pStr;
bool inQuote1 = false, inQuote2 = false; //'inQuote1', "inQuote2"
while(c = *p)
{
if(c == L'/'')
{
inQuote1 = !inQuote1;
}
else if(c == L'/"')
{
inQuote2 = !inQuote2;
}
if(!inQuote1 && !inQuote2)
{
if(c == endcahr) return p;
}
p++;
}
return NULL;
}
//nDest and nChar can by -1
unsigned int copyStr(WCHAR* pDest, unsigned int nDest, const WCHAR* pSrc, unsigned int nChar)
{
if(pDest == NULL || nDest == 0)
return 0;
if(pSrc == NULL)
{
pDest[0] = L'/0';
return 0;
}
if(nChar == (unsigned int)-1)
nChar = wcslen(pSrc);
if(nChar > nDest)
nChar = nDest;
memcpy(pDest, pSrc, nChar * sizeof(WCHAR));
pDest[nChar] = L'/0';
return nChar;
}
int copyStrUtill(WCHAR* pDest, unsigned int nDest, const WCHAR* pSrc, WCHAR endchar, bool ignoreEndCharInQuoted)
{
if(nDest == 0) return 0;
pDest[0] = L'/0';
const WCHAR* pSearched = (ignoreEndCharInQuoted ? getFirstUnquotedChar(pSrc,endchar) : wcschr(pSrc, endchar));
if(pSearched <= pSrc) return 0;
return copyStr(pDest, nDest, pSrc, pSearched - pSrc);
}
//nChar can be -1
WCHAR* duplicateStr(const WCHAR* pSrc, unsigned int nChar)
{
if(nChar == (unsigned int)-1)
nChar = wcslen(pSrc);
WCHAR* pNew = (WCHAR*) malloc( (nChar+1) * sizeof(WCHAR) );
copyStr(pNew, -1, pSrc, nChar);
return pNew;
}
WCHAR* duplicateStrUtill(const WCHAR* pSrc, WCHAR endchar, bool ignoreEndCharInQuoted)
{
const WCHAR* pSearched = (ignoreEndCharInQuoted ? getFirstUnquotedChar(pSrc,endchar) : wcschr(pSrc, endchar));;
if(pSearched <= pSrc) return NULL;
int n = pSearched - pSrc;
return duplicateStr(pSrc, n);
}
void freeDuplicatedStr(WCHAR* p)
{
if(p) free(p);
}
HtmlNode* HtmlParser::NewHtmlNode()
{
static char staticHtmlNodeTemplate[sizeof(HtmlNode)] = {0};
/*
static HtmlNode staticHtmlNodeTemplate; //= {0};
staticHtmlNodeTemplate.type = NODE_UNKNOWN;
staticHtmlNodeTemplate.tagName[0] = L'/0';
staticHtmlNodeTemplate.text = NULL;
*/
m_HtmlNodes.Append(staticHtmlNodeTemplate, sizeof(HtmlNode));
HtmlNode* pNode = (HtmlNode*) (m_HtmlNodes.GetPtr() + m_HtmlNodes.GetSize() - sizeof(HtmlNode));
return pNode;
}
void HtmlParser::ParseHtml(const WCHAR* szHtml)
{
m_html = szHtml ? szHtml : L"";
freeHtmlNodes();
if(szHtml == NULL || *szHtml == L'/0') return;
WCHAR* p = (WCHAR*) szHtml;
WCHAR* s = (WCHAR*) szHtml;
HtmlNode* pNode = NULL;
WCHAR c;
bool bInQuotes = false;
while( c = *p )
{
if(c == L'/"')
{
bInQuotes = !bInQuotes;
p++; continue;
}
if(bInQuotes)
{
p++; continue;
}
if(c == L'<')
{
if(p > s)
{
//Add Text Node
pNode = NewHtmlNode();
pNode->type = NODE_CONTENT;
pNode->text = duplicateStrUtill(s, L'<', true);
}
s = p + 1;
}
else if(c == L'>')
{
if(p > s)
{
//Add HtmlTag Node
pNode = NewHtmlNode();
while(isspace(*s)) s++;
pNode->type = (*s != L'/' ? NODE_START_TAG : NODE_CLOSE_TAG);
if(*s == L'/') s++;
copyStrUtill(pNode->tagName, MAX_HTML_TAG_LENGTH, s, L'>', true);
//处理自封闭的结点, 如 , 删除tagName中可能会有的'/'字符
//自封闭的结点的type设置为NODE_START_TAG应该可以接受(否则要引入新的NODE_STARTCLOSE_TAG)
int tagNamelen = wcslen(pNode->tagName);
if(pNode->tagName[tagNamelen-1] == L'/')
pNode->tagName[tagNamelen-1] = L'/0';
//处理结点属性
for(int i = 0; i < tagNamelen; i++)
{
if(pNode->tagName[i] == L' ' //第一个空格后面跟的是属性列表
|| pNode->tagName[i] == L'=') //扩展支持这种格式: <tagName=value>, 等效于<tagName tagName=value>
{
WCHAR* props = (pNode->tagName[i] == L' ' ? s + i + 1 : s);
pNode->text = duplicateStrUtill(props, L'>', true);
int nodeTextLen = wcslen(pNode->text);
if(pNode->text[nodeTextLen-1] == L'/') //去掉最后可能会有的'/'字符, 如这种情况: <img src="..." mce_src="..." />
pNode->text[nodeTextLen-1] = L'/0';
pNode->tagName[i] = L'/0';
parseNodeProps(pNode); //parse props
break;
}
}
pNode->tagType = getHtmlTagTypeFromName(pNode->tagName);
}
s = p + 1;
}
p++;
}
if(p > s)
{
//Add Text Node
pNode = NewHtmlNode();
pNode->type = NODE_CONTENT;
pNode->text = duplicateStr(s, -1);
}
#ifdef _DEBUG
dumpHtmlNodes(); //just for test
#endif
}
unsigned int HtmlParser::getHtmlNodeCount()
{
return (m_HtmlNodes.GetSize() / sizeof(HtmlNode));
}
HtmlNode* HtmlParser::getHtmlNodes()
{
return (HtmlNode*) m_HtmlNodes.GetPtr();
}
void HtmlParser::freeHtmlNodes()
{
HtmlNode* pNodes = getHtmlNodes();
for(int i = 0, count = getHtmlNodeCount(); i < count; i++)
{
HtmlNode* pNode = pNodes + i;
if(pNode->text)
freeDuplicatedStr(pNode->text);
if(pNode->props)
MFreeMemory(pNode->props); //see: CMem::Alloc
}
m_HtmlNodes.Empty();
}
//[virtual]
HtmlTagType HtmlParser::getHtmlTagTypeFromName(const WCHAR* szTagName)
{
//todo: uses hashmap
struct N2T { const WCHAR* name; HtmlTagType type; };
static N2T n2tTable[] =
{
{ L"A", TAG_A },
{ L"FONT", TAG_FONT },
{ L"IMG", TAG_IMG },
{ L"P", TAG_P },
{ L"DIV", TAG_DIV },
{ L"SPAN", TAG_SPAN },
{ L"BR", TAG_BR },
{ L"B", TAG_B },
{ L"I", TAG_I },
{ L"HR", TAG_HR },
{ L"COLOR", TAG_COLOR },
{ L"BGCOLOR", TAG_BGCOLOR },
};
for(int i = 0, count = sizeof(n2tTable)/sizeof(n2tTable[0]); i < count; i++)
{
N2T* p = &n2tTable[i];
if(wcsicmp(p->name, szTagName) == 0)
return p->type;
}
return TAG_UNKNOWN;
}
void skipSpaceChars(WCHAR*& p)
{
if(p)
{
while(isspace(*p)) p++;
}
}
const WCHAR* nextUnqotedSpaceChar(const WCHAR* p)
{
const WCHAR* r = getFirstUnquotedChar(p, L' ');
if(!r)
r = getFirstUnquotedChar(p, L'/t');
return r;
}
const WCHAR* duplicateStrAndUnquote(const WCHAR* str, unsigned int nChar)
{
if( nChar > 1 && (str[0] == L'/"' && str[nChar-1] == L'/"') || (str[0] == L'/'' && str[nChar-1] == L'/'') )
{
str++; nChar-=2;
}
return duplicateStr(str, nChar);
}
//[virtual]
void HtmlParser::parseNodeProps(HtmlNode* pNode)
{
if(pNode == NULL || pNode->propCount > 0 || pNode->text == NULL)
return;
WCHAR* p = pNode->text;
WCHAR *ps = NULL;
CMem mem;
bool inQuote1 = false, inQuote2 = false;
WCHAR c;
while(c = *p)
{
if(c == L'/"')
{
inQuote1 = !inQuote1;
}
else if(c == L'/'')
{
inQuote2 = !inQuote2;
}
if((!inQuote1 && !inQuote2) && (c == L' ' || c == L'/t' || c == L'='))
{
if(ps)
{
mem.AddPointer(duplicateStrAndUnquote(ps, p - ps));
ps = NULL;
}
if(c == L'=')
mem.AddPointer(NULL);
}
else
{
if(ps == NULL)
ps = p;
}
p++;
}
if(ps)
mem.AddPointer(duplicateStrAndUnquote(ps, p - ps));
mem.AddPointer(NULL);
mem.AddPointer(NULL);
WCHAR** pp = (WCHAR**) mem.GetPtr();
CMem props;
for(int i = 0, n = mem.GetSize() / sizeof(WCHAR*) - 2; i < n; i++)
{
props.AddPointer(pp[i]); //prop name
if(pp[i+1] == NULL)
{
props.AddPointer(pp[i+2]); //prop value
i += 2;
}
else
props.AddPointer(NULL); //prop vlalue
}
pNode->propCount = props.GetSize() / sizeof(WCHAR*) / 2;
pNode->props = (HtmlNodeProp*) props.Detach();
}
const HtmlNodeProp* HtmlParser::getNodeProp(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName)
{
if(pNode == NULL || pNode->propCount <= 0)
return NULL;
for(int i = 0; i < pNode->propCount; i++)
{
HtmlNodeProp* prop = pNode->props + i;
if(wcsicmp(prop->szName, szPropName) == 0)
return prop;
}
return NULL;
}
const WCHAR* HtmlParser::getNodePropStringValue(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName, const WCHAR* szDefaultValue /*= NULL*/)
{
const HtmlNodeProp* pProp = getNodeProp(pNode, szPropName);
if(pProp)
return pProp->szValue;
else
return szDefaultValue;
}
int HtmlParser::getNodePropIntValue(const HtmlNode* pNode, const WCHAR* szPropName, int defaultValue /*= 0*/)
{
const HtmlNodeProp* pProp = getNodeProp(pNode, szPropName);
if(pProp && pProp->szValue)
return _wtoi(pProp->szValue);
else
return defaultValue;
}
void HtmlParser::dumpHtmlNodes()
{
#ifdef _DEBUG
HtmlNode* pNodes = getHtmlNodes();
WCHAR buffer[256];
OutputDebugString(L"/n-------- dumpHtmlNodes --------/n");
for(int i = 0, count = getHtmlNodeCount(); i < count; i++)
{
HtmlNode* pNode = pNodes + i;
switch(pNode->type)
{
case NODE_CONTENT:
wsprintf(buffer, L"%2d) type: NODE_CONTENT, text: %s", i, pNode->text);
break;
case NODE_START_TAG:
wsprintf(buffer, L"%2d) type: NODE_START_TAG, tagName: %s (%d), text: %s", i, pNode->tagName, pNode->tagType, pNode->text);
break;
case NODE_CLOSE_TAG:
wsprintf(buffer, L"%2d) type: NODE_CLOSE_TAG, tagName: %s", i, pNode->tagName);
break;
case NODE_UNKNOWN:
default:
wsprintf(buffer, L"%2d) type: NODE_UNKNOWN", i);
break;
}
OutputDebugString(buffer);
OutputDebugString(L"/n");
if(pNode->propCount > 0)
{
OutputDebugString(L" props: ");
for(int i = 0; i < pNode->propCount; i++)
{
HtmlNodeProp* prop = pNode->props + i;
if(prop->szValue)
wsprintf(buffer, L"%s = %s", prop->szName, prop->szValue);
else
wsprintf(buffer, L"%s", prop->szName);
OutputDebugString(buffer);
if(i < pNode->propCount - 1)
{
OutputDebugString(L", ");
}
}
OutputDebugString(L"/n");
}
}
OutputDebugString(L"-------- end of dumpHtmlNodes --------/n");
#endif
}
//just for test
class TestHtmlParser
{
public:
TestHtmlParser()
{
HANDLE CMem_GetProcessHeap();
CMem_GetProcessHeap();
HtmlParser htmlParser;
HtmlNode node;
node.text = L" a=1 b c=/'x y=0/' d = abc ";
htmlParser.parseNodeProps(&node);
htmlParser.ParseHtml(L"...---<a href="url" mce_href="url">link</a>...");
htmlParser.ParseHtml(L"---< a href=url >link</a>");
htmlParser.ParseHtml(L"/" >");
}
};
TestHtmlParser testHtmlParser;

全文完，谢谢。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2011-1-22 liigo 补记：本文所提供的源代码，目前有未完善之处，如没有考虑到内嵌JavaScrip代码和HTML注释中的特殊字符（特别是尖括号）对解析器的影响，另外还可能有其他疏漏和bug，故代码仅可用于学习参考研究使用。我今后也将继续改进此HTML语法解析器。特此声明

本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/liigo/archive/2011/01/19/6153829.aspx

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