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使用监听器实现一个统计网站在线人数的示例

2010-11-23 23:00 996 查看
(1)创建一个监听器实现类

要大致统计一个网站的在线人数,首先,可以通过ServletContextListener监听,当Web应用上下文启动时,在ServletContext中添加一个List,用来准备存放在线的用户名;然后,可以通过HttpSessionAttributeListener监听,当用户登录成功把用户名设置到Session中时同时将用户名存放到ServletContext中的List列表中;最后通过HttpSessionListener监听,当用户注销会话时将用户名从应用上下文范围中的List列表中删除。

所以,编写OnLineListener类实现ServletContextListener、HttpSessionAttributeListener、HttpSessionListener接口,具体代码如下:

package com.web.servlet;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

//在线人数统计监听器实现类
public class OnlineListener implements ServletContextListener,
HttpSessionAttributeListener, HttpSessionListener {
private ServletContext application = null;

public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
//初始化一个application对象
this.application = arg0.getServletContext();
//设置一个列表属性,用于保存在想用户名
this.application.setAttribute("online", new LinkedList<String>());

}
//往会话中添加属性时会回调的方法
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) {
//取得用户名列表
List<String> online = (List<String>) this.application
.getAttribute("online");
if ("username".equals(arg0.getName())) {
//将当前用户名添加到列表中
online.add((String) arg0.getValue());
}
//将添加后的列表重新设置到application属性中
this.application.setAttribute("online", online);
}

public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}
//会话销毁时会回调的方法
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
//取得用户名列表
List<String> online = (List<String>) this.application
.getAttribute("online");
//取得当前用户名
String username = (String) arg0.getSession().getAttribute("username");
//将此用户名从列表中删除
online.remove(username);
//将删除后的列表重新设置到application属性中
this.application.setAttribute("online", online);
}

}


(2)在web.xml中注册监听器

监听器实现好后,还需要在web.xml文件中进行注册才能起作用,只需要在web.xml中像如下添加元素即可

<!-- 注册一个监听器 -->
<listener>
<!-- 指定监听器实现类的全限定名 -->
<listener-class>
com.web.servlet.OnlineListener
</listener-class>
</listener

最后,我们创建几个Servlet来测试这个监听器实现的功能。

处理用户登录的Servlet类代码:

package com.web.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

//处理用户登录的Servlet
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//设置相应内容类型

String username= request.getParameter("username");//获取请求参数中的用户名

//往session中添加属性,会触发HttpSessionAttributeListener中的attributeAdded方法
if(username != null && !username.equals("")) {
request.getSession().setAttribute("username",username);
}
//从应用上下文中获取在线用户名列表
List<String> online = (List<String>)getServletContext().getAttribute("online");

response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println("  <HEAD><TITLE>用户列表</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println("  <BODY>");
out.println("当前用户是:" + username);
out.print("    <hr/><h3>在线用户列表</h3>");

int size = online == null ? 0 : online.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if(i > 0){
out.println("<br/>");
}
out.println(i + 1 + "." + online.get(i));
}

//注意: 要对链接URL进行自动重写处理
out.println("<hr/><a href="/" mce_href="/""" + response.encodeURL("logout") + "/">注销</a>");
out.println("  </BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}


处理用户登录Servlet的类代码

package com.web.servlet;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

//处理用户注销会话的Servlet
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

//销毁会话,会触发SessionLinstener中的sessionDestroyed方法
request.getSession().invalidate();

//从应用上下文中获取在线用户名列表
List<String> online = (List<String>)getServletContext().getAttribute("online");

response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println("  <HEAD><TITLE>用户列表</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println("  <BODY>");
out.print("    <h3>在线用户列表</h3>");

int size = online == null ? 0 : online.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if(i > 0){
out.println("<br/>");
}
out.println(i + 1 + "." + online.get(i));
}

out.println("<hr/><a href="/" mce_href="/""index.html/">主页</a>");
out.println("  </BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}


然后创建一个index.html文件,用来供用户登录,代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>index.html</title>
</head>

<body>
<form action = "login" method = "post">
用户名:<input type ="text" name = "username"/>
<input type = "submit" value = "登录"/><br/><br/>

</form>
</body>
</html>


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