数据库架构更新Sql语句编写规范

创建数据库表

下例显示 pubs 数据库中所创建的三个表（jobs、employee 和 publishers）的完整表定义，其中包含所有的约束定义。

CREATE TABLE 表名

(

字段名1 数据类型 是否允许为null,

字段名2 数据类型 是否允许为null

)

例如:

CREATE TABLE jobs

(

job_id smallint IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,

job_desc varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'New Position - title not formalized yet',

min_lvl tinyint NOT NULL CHECK (min_lvl >= 10),

max_lvl tinyint NOT NULL CHECK (max_lvl <= 250)

)

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere







l 修改数据库表

例如:

ALTER TABLE jobs

(

job_id smallint IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED,

job_desc varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'New Position - title not formalized yet',

min_lvl tinyint NOT NULL CHECK (min_lvl >= 10),

max_lvl tinyint NOT NULL CHECK (max_lvl <= 250)

)

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere







l 为表增加主键

ALTER TABLE 表名

ADD CONSTRAINT [主键名(默认加”PK_”的前缀)] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED(是否是簇索引)



(



[字段名1],[字段名2],[字段名…]



)



GO



例如:

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[m_p_CheckPrepotency] WITH NOCHECK

ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_m_p_CheckPrepotency] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED

(

[GUID],

[SequenceNum]

)

GO

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere







l 新加字段

ALTER TABLE 表名

ADD 字段名 数据类型 属性

GO

例如:

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
ALTER TABLE skill ADD skill_description CHAR(254)




l 删除字段

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
ALTER TABLE 表名 DROP 字段名




l 创建索引

CREATE INDEX 索引名 ON 表名(字段名1,字段名2,字段名3…)

例如:

CREATE INDEX [IX_m_p_CheckPrepotency] ON [dbo].[m_p_CheckPrepotency]([UnitCoding], [FamilyId], [PersonnelCoding]) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere







l 删除索引

IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE name = '索引名')

DROP INDEX 表名.索引名

GO

例如:

IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE name = 'au_id_ind')

DROP INDEX authors.au_id_ind

GO

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere







l 删除视图

IF EXISTS (SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS

WHERE TABLE_NAME = '视图名')

DROP VIEW 视图名

GO

例如:

IF EXISTS (SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS

WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'titles_view')

DROP VIEW titles_view

GO



SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere







































l 为表的字段添加外键和级联

ALTER TABLE 表名1 ADD

CONSTRAINT [FK_外键名] FOREIGN KEY

(

[字段名]

) REFERENCES 表名2

(

[字段名]

)

ON DELETE CASCADE –级联删除

ON UPDATE CASCADE –级联更新

GO

CONSTRAINT [FK_m_p_CheckPrepotency_o_PrepotencyResult] FOREIGN KEY

(

[CheckPrepotencyResult]

) REFERENCES [dbo].[o_PrepotencyResult] (

[CheckResultId]

) ON UPDATE CASCADE

GO

例如:

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[m_p_CheckPrepotency] ADD

CONSTRAINT [FK_m_p_CheckPrepotency_m_PersonnelInfo] FOREIGN KEY

(

[GUID]

) REFERENCES [dbo].[m_PersonnelInfo] (

[GUID]

) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE ,

CONSTRAINT [FK_m_p_CheckPrepotency_o_PrepotencyResult] FOREIGN KEY

(

[CheckPrepotencyResult]

) REFERENCES [dbo].[o_PrepotencyResult] (

[CheckResultId]

) ON UPDATE CASCADE

GO

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere







l 修改列的数据类型/大小/是否允许为NULL

S2K:

SqlAnyWhere:

SqlServer2000
ALTER TABLE s_Anchor ALTER COLUMN AnchorName varchar(100) NOT NULL

SqlAnyWhere
ALTER TABLE s_Anchor MODIFY AnchorName varchar(100) NOT NULL




l 修改列名

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
ALTER TABLE skill RENAME skill_type TO classification




l 修改表名

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
ALTER TABLE skill RENAME qualification




l 删除列

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
ALTER TABLE skill DROP classification




l 判断某个表的主键是否存在

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
if (select primary_root from systable where table_name = 's_Anchor' and table_type = ‘BASE’)<>0

如果primary_root不为0说明表中已有主键




l 删除表的所有主键

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
ALTER TABLE skill DELETE PRIMARY KEY


l 增加表主键

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
ALTER TABLE skill ADD PRIMARY KEY ( "skill_id", "skill_type" )




l 判断某个表中某个字段是否存在

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
if not exists (select * from syscolumn sc join systable st on sc.table_id = st.table_id where st.table_name = 'm_p_PregnancyInfo' and sc.column_name = 'PunishSequenceNum')




l 判断某个表是否存在

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
if not exists(select * from systable where table_name = 's_Anchor' and table_type = ‘BASE’)




l 判断某个视图是否存在

SqlServer2000
if not exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where xtype = 'V' and name = 'v_s_Marriage')

SqlAnyWhere
if not exists(select * from systable where table_name = 's_Anchor' and table_type = ‘VIEW’)




l 判断某个全局临时表是否存在

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
if not exists(select * from systable where table_name = 's_Anchor' and table_type = ‘GBL TEMP’)




l 判断某个触发器是否存在

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
if not exists(select * from systable where table_name = 's_Anchor' and table_type = ‘TR’)




l 判断某个函数/存储过程是否存在

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
if exists (select * from sysprocedure where proc_name = 'sp_seeaboutServiceCar')




l 判断某个表的某个字段是否存在

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
if exists (select * from syscolumn where column_name = 'DogID' and table_id =

(select table_id from systable where table_name = 's_Users' and table_type = 'BASE'))




l 为某个表增加一个字段

SqlServer2000




SqlAnyWhere
ALTER TABLE s_Users ADD DogID char(32) NULL


本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/qunluo/archive/2005/04/20/355044.aspx