SQL Server数据导入导出的几种方法

在涉及到SQL Server编程或是管理时一定会用到数据的导入与导出, 导入导出的方法有多种,结合我在做项目时的经历做一下汇总:

1. SQL Server导入导出向导,这种方式是最方便的.

代码

bcp {[[database_name.][schema].]{table_name | view_name} | "query"}
{in | out | queryout | format} data_file
[-mmax_errors] [-fformat_file] [-x] [-eerr_file]
[-Ffirst_row] [-Llast_row] [-bbatch_size]
[-ddatabase_name] [-n] [-c] [-N] [-w] [-V (70 | 80 | 90 )]
[-q] [-C { ACP | OEM | RAW | code_page } ] [-tfield_term]
[-rrow_term] [-iinput_file] [-ooutput_file] [-apacket_size]
[-S [server_name[\instance_name]]] [-Ulogin_id] [-Ppassword]
[-T] [-v] [-R] [-k] [-E] [-h"hint [,...n]"]

请注意数据导入导出的方向参数:in,out,queryout

如:



如:



4.BULK INSERT. T-SQL的命令,允许直接导入数据

语法:

BULK INSERT
[ database_name. [ schema_name ] . | schema_name. ] [ table_name | view_name ]
FROM 'data_file'
[ WITH
(
[ [ , ] BATCHSIZE =batch_size ]
[ [ , ] CHECK_CONSTRAINTS ]
[ [ , ] CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ]
[ [ , ] DATAFILETYPE =
{ 'char' | 'native'| 'widechar' | 'widenative' } ]
[ [ , ] FIELDTERMINATOR = 'field_terminator' ]
[ [ , ] FIRSTROW = first_row ]
[ [ , ] FIRE_TRIGGERS ]
[ [ , ] FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' ]
[ [ , ] KEEPIDENTITY ]
[ [ , ] KEEPNULLS ]
[ [ , ] KILOBYTES_PER_BATCH =kilobytes_per_batch ]
[ [ , ] LASTROW =last_row ]
[ [ , ] MAXERRORS =max_errors ]
[ [ , ] ORDER ( { column [ ASC | DESC ] } [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ [ , ] ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ]
[ [ , ] ROWTERMINATOR ='row_terminator' ]
[ [ , ] TABLOCK ]
[ [ , ] ERRORFILE ='file_name' ]
)]

重要参数:

FIELDTERMINATOR,字段分隔符

FIRSTROW:第一个数据行

ROWTERMINATOR:行终结符

如:

BULK INSERT dbo.ImportTest FROM 'C:\ImportData.txt' WITH ( FIELDTERMINATOR =',', FIRSTROW = 2 )

5. OPENROWSET也是T-SQL的命令,包含有DB连接的信息和其它导入方法不同的是,OPENROWSET可以作为一个目标表参与INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE操作.

语法:

OPENROWSET
( { 'provider_name', { 'datasource';'user_id';'password'
| 'provider_string' }
, {   [ catalog. ] [ schema. ] object
| 'query'
}
| BULK 'data_file',
{ FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' [ <bulk_options> ]
| SINGLE_BLOB | SINGLE_CLOB | SINGLE_NCLOB }
} )<bulk_options> ::=
[ , CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ]
[ , ERRORFILE ='file_name' ]
[ , FIRSTROW = first_row ]
[ , LASTROW = last_row ]
[ , MAXERRORS = maximum_errors ]
[ , ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ]

如:

INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'Excel 8.0;Database=C:\ImportData.xls', 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]') WHERE A1 IS NOT NULL

6.OPENDATASOURCE

语法:

OPENDATASOURCE ( provider_name,init_string )

如:

INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest SELECT * FROM OPENDATASOURCE('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'Data Source=C:\ImportData.xls;Extended Properties=Excel 8.0')...[Sheet1$]

7.OPENQUERY.是在linked server的基础上执行的查询.所以执行之前必须先建立好link server.OPENQUERY的结果集可以作为一个table参与DML的操作.

语法:

OPENQUERY (linked_server ,'query')

如:

EXEC sp_addlinkedserver 'ImportData', 'Jet 4.0', 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'C:\ImportData.xls', NULL, 'Excel 8.0' GO INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY(ImportData, 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]')

以上只是简单总结的一些DB数据导入导出的方法及其一些简单的实例,希望对你实践中会有所帮助.