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linux 下nginx安装与配置

2010-03-16 10:24 686 查看
Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。

　　Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多，其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻等门户网站频道，六间房、56.com等视频分享网站，Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛，豆瓣、YUPOO相册、海内SNS、迅雷在线等新兴Web 2.0网站。
　Nginx 的官方中文维基：http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs




在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx 0.8.15 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。

　　根据我的经验，4GB内存的服务器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能处理3000个并发连接，因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存，还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器，因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000，当Apache并发连接数达到3800时，导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。

　　而这台 Nginx 0.8.15 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 服务器在3万并发连接下，开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存（15M*10=150M），开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存（20M*64=1280M），加上系统自身消耗的内存，总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小，完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程，这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。

　　在3万并发连接下，访问Nginx 0.8.15 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 服务器的PHP程序，仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面，显示的活动连接数为28457（关于Nginx的监控页配置，会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明）：

　　



　　我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器，跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序，单台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”，相当于每天可以承受6000万（700*60*60*24=60480000）的访问量（更多信息见此），而服务器的系统负载也不高：

　　



　　2009年9月3日下午2：30，金山游戏《剑侠情缘网络版叁》临时维护1小时（http://kefu.xoyo.com/gonggao/jx3/2009-09-03/750438.shtml），大量玩家上官网，论坛、评论、客服等动态应用Nginx服务器集群，每台服务器的Nginx活动连接数达到2.8万，这是笔者遇到的Nginx生产环境最高并发值。



　　



　　下面是用100个并发连接分别去压生产环境中同一负载均衡器VIP下、提供相同服务的两台服务器，一台为Nginx，另一台为Apache，Nginx每秒处理的请求数是Apache的两倍多，Nginx服务器的系统负载、CPU使用率远低于Apache：

　　你可以将连接数开到10000～30000，去压Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php，这是用浏览器访问Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常，而访问Apache服务器的phpinfo.php，则是该页无法显示。4G内存的服务器，即使再优化，Apache也很难在“webbench -c 30000 -t 60 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php”的压力情况下正常访问，而调整参数优化后的Nginx可以。

　　webbench 下载地址：http://blog.s135.com/post/288/

　　注意：webbench 做压力测试时，该软件自身也会消耗CPU和内存资源，为了测试准确，请将 webbench 安装在别的服务器上。

　　测试结果：##### Nginx + PHP #####

引用



[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php




Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.

Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.

Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec.
Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed.

top - 14:06:13 up 27 days, 2:25, 2 users, load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51
Tasks: 287 total, 4 running, 283 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 49.9% us, 6.7% sy, 0.0% ni, 41.4% id, 1.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.8% si
Mem: 6230016k total, 2959468k used, 3270548k free, 635992k buffers
Swap: 2031608k total, 3696k used, 2027912k free, 1231444k cached

测试结果：##### Apache + PHP #####

[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php


Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.

Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.

Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec.
Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed.

top - 14:06:20 up 27 days, 2:13, 2 users, load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42
Tasks: 318 total, 7 running, 310 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie
Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy, 0.0% ni, 7.9% id, 0.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.9% si
Mem: 6230016k total, 3075948k used, 3154068k free, 379896k buffers
Swap: 2031608k total, 12592k used, 2019016k free, 1117868k cached

为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux 2.6内核）和kqueue（freebsd）网络I/O模型，而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。

　　处理大量的连接的读写，Apache所采用的select网络I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别：

　　假设你在大学读书，住的宿舍楼有很多间房间，你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找，直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号，你的朋友来时，只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可，不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人，都要找自己住这栋楼的同学时，select版和epoll版宿管大妈，谁的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并发服务器中，轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之一，select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高，同样十分明了。


安装步骤：
　　（系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）

　　一、获取相关开源程序：
　　1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：

sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers


2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：
　　①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
　　http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
　　http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/

　　②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
　　http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
　　http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/

　　③、RPM包搜索网站
　　http://rpm.pbone.net/
　　http://www.rpmfind.net/

　　④、RedHat AS4 系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装：
Ⅰ、i386 系统

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm

　　Ⅱ、x86_64 系统

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm


　3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包：
　　本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2009年09月18日的最新稳定版。
　　①、从软件的官方网站下载：

mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.15.tar.gz wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.10.tar.gz/from/this/mirror wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.38.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.9.tar.gz wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz[/code] 
 
②、从blog.s135.com下载（比较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）：
 
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.15.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.10.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.1.38.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-7.9.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.2.2.tgz[/code] 
 
　　二、安装PHP 5.2.10（FastCGI模式）
　　1、编译安装PHP 5.2.10所需的支持库：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
 
 
　2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.38
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.38.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.38/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
 
 
　附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。

　　①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
 
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
 
 
②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql
 
 
　③、创建my.cnf配置文件：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf

[client]
default-character-set = utf8
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysql]
prompt="(/u:blog.s135.com:)[/d]> "
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
#default-character-set = utf8
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
open_files_limit    = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 1
log_long_format
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

skip-name-resolve
master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
 
 
　④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
 
 
输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：

#!/bin/sh    
   
mysql_port=3306    
mysql_username="admin"   
mysql_password="12345678"   
   
function_start_mysql()    
{    
    printf "Starting MySQL.../n"   
    /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &    
}    
   
function_stop_mysql()    
{    
    printf "Stoping MySQL.../n"   
    /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown    
}    
   
function_restart_mysql()    
{    
    printf "Restarting MySQL.../n"   
    function_stop_mysql    
    sleep 5    
    function_start_mysql    
}    
   
function_kill_mysql()    
{    
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')    
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')    
}    
   
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then    
    function_start_mysql    
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then    
    function_stop_mysql    
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then    
function_restart_mysql    
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then    
function_kill_mysql    
else   
    printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}/n"   
fi  
#!/bin/sh

mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"

function_start_mysql()
{
    printf "Starting MySQL.../n"
    /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}

function_stop_mysql()
{
    printf "Stoping MySQL.../n"
    /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}

function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL.../n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 5
    function_start_mysql
}

function_kill_mysql()
{
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}

if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
    function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
    function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
    printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}/n"
fi
 
 
　⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
 
 
⑥、启动MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
 
 
⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
 
 
⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
 
 
⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：
 
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop
 
 
3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.10.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.10 -p1
cd php-5.2.10/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
curl http://pear.php.net/go-pear | /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php
 
 
4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
 
 
5、修改php.ini文件
　　手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
　　修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
 
 
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On

自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"/nextension = "memcache.so"/nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"/nextension = "imagick.so"/n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
 
件的修改：
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
 
　按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
 
8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
　　在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
 
输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：
<?xml version="1.0" ?>   
<configuration>   
   
  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix    
   
  <section name="global_options">   
   
    Pid file    
    <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>   
   
    Error log file    
    <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>   
   
    Log level    
    <value name="log_level">notice</value>   
   
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...    
    <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>   
   
    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.    
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.    
    <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>   
   
    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master    
    <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>   
   
    Set to 'no' to debug fpm    
    <value name="daemonize">yes</value>   
   
  </section>   
   
  <workers>   
   
    <section name="pool">   
   
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.    
      <value name="name">default</value>   
   
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.    
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'    
      <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>   
   
      <value name="listen_options">   
   
        Set listen(2) backlog    
        <value name="backlog">-1</value>   
   
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.    
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.    
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.    
        <value name="owner"></value>   
        <value name="group"></value>   
        <value name="mode">0666</value>   
      </value>   
   
      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.    
      <value name="php_defines">   
        <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>   
        <value name="display_errors">1</value>   
      </value>   
   
      Unix user of processes    
        <value name="user">www</value>   
   
      Unix group of processes    
        <value name="group">www</value>   
   
      Process manager settings    
      <value name="pm">   
   
        Sets style of controling worker process count.    
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'    
        <value name="style">static</value>   
   
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.    
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.    
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi    
        Used with any pm_style.    
        <value name="max_children">128</value>   
   
        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style    
        <value name="apache_like">   
   
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.    
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected    
          <value name="StartServers">20</value>   
   
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.    
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected    
          <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>   
   
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.    
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected    
          <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>   
   
        </value>   
   
      </value>   
   
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated    
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason    
      '0s' means 'off'    
      <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>   
   
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file    
      '0s' means 'off'    
      <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>   
   
      The log file for slow requests    
      <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>   
   
      Set open file desc rlimit    
      <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>   
   
      Set max core size rlimit    
      <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>   
   
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path    
      <value name="chroot"></value>   
   
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path    
      <value name="chdir"></value>   
   
      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.    
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs    
      <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>   
   
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.    
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.    
      For endless request processing please specify 0    
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS    
      <value name="max_requests">102400</value>   
   
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.    
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)    
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.    
      <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>   
   
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH    
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment    
      <value name="environment">   
        <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>   
        <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>   
        <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>   
        <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>   
        <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>   
        <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>   
        <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>   
        <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>   
      </value>   
   
    </section>   
   
  </workers>   
   
</configuration>
 
9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
 
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。

三、安装Nginx 0.8.15
　　1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-7.9.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.9/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
 
2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.15.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.15/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
 
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
 
　4、创建Nginx配置文件
　　①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user  www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. 
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events 
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}

http 
{
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;

  #charset  gb2312;
      
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
      
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;

  keepalive_timeout 60;

  tcp_nodelay on;

  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;

  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  blog.s135.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/blog;

    #limit_conn   crawler  20;    
                             
    location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }
    
    location ~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
      expires      30d;
    }

    location ~ .*/.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires      1h;
    }    

    log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;
      }

  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.s135.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/www;

    location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }

    log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;
  }

  server
  {
    listen  80;
    server_name  status.blog.s135.com;

    location / {
    stub_status on;
    access_log   off;
    }
  }
}
 
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;
 
5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
 
四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
 
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
 
五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
 
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535
 
六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
　　1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
 
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

2、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
 
屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
 

 

　或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
 

 

七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
　　1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
输入以下内容：

#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid
 

 

2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e
 

 

输入以下内容：

00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
 

 

致此Nginx+Php(Fast-Cgi)全部安装完毕 ok!
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