利用Nginx架设高性能的Web环境

实验环境

Centos4.5

pcre-7.8.tar.gz 正则表达式

下载地址：ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/

nginx-0.7.26.tar

下载地址：http://www.nginx.net/

php-5.2.6.tar.bz2

下载地址：http://www.php.net/releases/

php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.9.diff.gz

php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi

下载地址：http://php-fpm.anight.org/

注：PHP的版本要和fpm的版本一致

mysql-5.0.67.tar.gz

Discuz!_6.0.0_SC_UTF8.zip

1、安装pcre

# tar -zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz

# cd pcre-7.8

# ./configure

# make && make install

2、安装nginx

# tar -zxvf nginx-0.7.26.tar.gz

# cd nginx-0.7.26

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

# make && make install

启动nginx

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

停止nginx

# kill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

重启nginx

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

添加到自启动

# echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx">>/etc/rc.local

3、安装mysql

# tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.67.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.0.67

# groupadd mysql

# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-charset=gbk
--with-extra-charset=all --enable-hread-safe-client
--enable-local-infile --with-low-memory

# make && make install

# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

# chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/

# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/var/

启动数据库服务，并添加到自启动

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

#cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

加入自动启动服务队列：

#chkconfig --add mysqld

#chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

添加root密码

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password "123456"

测试一下：

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

输入密码：123456，看能不能进入到数据库

配置库文件搜索路径

# echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql">>/etc/ld.so.conf

# ldconfig

# ldconfig -v

添加/usr/local/mysql/bin到环境变量PATH中

#echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin">>/etc/profile

#source /etc/profile

4、安装PHP

这里产生的是可执行文件，和apache的不一样，和apache结合的时候产生的是动态库

# tar -jxvf php-5.2.6.tar.bz2

# gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.9.diff.gz |patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1

# cd php-5.2.6

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
--enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-force-cgi-redirect

# make && make install

# cp php.ini-recommended /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

# vi /usr/local/php/php-fpm.conf

(1)<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>

修改为<value name="listen_address">IP:9000</value> //本机就用默认的127.0.0.1

(2)下面这两行去掉注释并修改

<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>

<value name="display_errors">1</value>

(3)<value name="user">nobody</value> //去注释

(4)<value name="group">nobody</value> //去注释

(5)<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value> //允许连接的PC，本机就用127.0.0.1

启动php-fpm

# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

添加到自启动

# echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start">>/etc/rc.local

5、修改nginx的配置文件，支持PHP

# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user nobody;

worker_processes 8;

pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;

worker_rlimit_nofile 1024;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 1024;

}

http{

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

server {

listen 80;

server_name www.bbb.com;

root /var/www/blog;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {

root html;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/blog$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

{

expires 30d;

}

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$

{

expires 1h;

}

log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

access_log /var/logs/access.log access;

}

}

注：

server部分为PHP虚拟主机

127.0.0.1：9000为fastcgi的PC，我这里用的本机

/var/www/blog$fastcgi_script_name; 为PHP网页保存的目录

测试配置文件：

# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

6、优化Linux内核参数

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容：

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000

使配置立即生效：

# /sbin/sysctl -p

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