精妙的SQL和SQL SERVER 与ACCESS、EXCEL的数据导入导出转换
2009-09-12 10:00
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1 * 说明：复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b)
2 select * into b from a where 1<>1
3
4 * 说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b)
5 insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
6
7 * 说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
8 select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
9
10 * 说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
11 select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
12
13 * 说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒
14 select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5
15
16 * 说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
17 delete from info where not exists ( select * from infobz where info.infid=infobz.infid )
18
19 * 说明：--
20
21 SQL:
22
23 SELECT A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE
24
25 FROM TABLE1,
26
27 (SELECT X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE
28
29 FROM (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND
30
31 FROM TABLE2
32
33 WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM')) X,
34
35 (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND
36
37 FROM TABLE2
38
39 WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') =
40
41 TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM') || '/01','YYYY/MM/DD') - 1, 'YYYY/MM') ) Y,
42
43 WHERE X.NUM = Y.NUM （+）
44
45 AND X.INBOUND_QTY + NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,0) <> X.STOCK_ONHAND ) B
46
47 WHERE A.NUM = B.NUM
48
49 * 说明：--
50 select * from studentinfo where not exists(select * from student where studentinfo.id=student.id) and 系名称='"&strdepartmentname&"' and 专业名称='"&strprofessionname&"' order by 性别,生源地,高考总成绩
51
52 * 从数据库中去一年的各单位电话费统计(电话费定额贺电化肥清单两个表来源）
53
54 SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy') AS telyear,
55
56 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '01', a.factration)) AS JAN,
57
58 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '02', a.factration)) AS FRI,
59
60 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '03', a.factration)) AS MAR,
61
62 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '04', a.factration)) AS APR,
63
64 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '05', a.factration)) AS MAY,
65
66 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '06', a.factration)) AS JUE,
67
68 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '07', a.factration)) AS JUL,
69
70 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '08', a.factration)) AS AGU,
71
72 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '09', a.factration)) AS SEP,
73
74 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '10', a.factration)) AS OCT,
75
76 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '11', a.factration)) AS NOV,
77
78 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '12', a.factration)) AS DEC
79
80 FROM (SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration
81
82 FROM TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b
83
84 WHERE a.tel = b.telfax) a
85
86 GROUP BY a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy')
87
88 * 说明：四表联查问题
89 select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where ..
90
91 * 说明：得到表中最小的未使用的ID号
92
93 * SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID = 1) THEN MIN(HandleID) + 1 ELSE 1 END) as HandleID FROM Handle WHERE NOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID - 1 FROM Handle a)
94
95 * 一个SQL语句的问题:行列转换
96 select * from v_temp
97 上面的视图结果如下:
98 user_name role_name
99 -------------------------
100 系统管理员 管理员
101 feng 管理员
102 feng 一般用户
103 test 一般用户
104 想把结果变成这样:
105 user_name role_name
106 ---------------------------
107 系统管理员 管理员
108 feng 管理员,一般用户
109 test 一般用户
110 ===================
111 create table a_test(name varchar(20),role2 varchar(20))
112 insert into a_test values('李','管理员')
113 insert into a_test values('张','管理员')
114 insert into a_test values('张','一般用户')
115 insert into a_test values('常','一般用户')
116
117 create function join_str(@content varchar(100))
118 returns varchar(2000)
119 as
120 begin
121 declare @str varchar(2000)
122 set @str=''
123 select @str=@str+','+rtrim(role2) from a_test where [name]=@content
124 select @str=right(@str,len(@str)-1)
125 return @str
126 end
127 go
128
129 --调用：
130 select [name],dbo.join_str([name]) role2 from a_test group by [name]
131
132 --select distinct name,dbo.uf_test(name) from a_test
133
134 * 快速比较结构相同的两表
135 结构相同的两表，一表有记录3万条左右，一表有记录2万条左右，我怎样快速查找两表的不同记录？
136 ============================
137 给你一个测试方法，从northwind中的orders表取数据。
138 select * into n1 from orders
139 select * into n2 from orders
140
141 select * from n1
142 select * from n2
143
144 --添加主键，然后修改n1中若干字段的若干条
145 alter table n1 add constraint pk_n1_id primary key (OrderID)
146 alter table n2 add constraint pk_n2_id primary key (OrderID)
147
148 select OrderID from (select * from n1 union select * from n2) a group by OrderID having count(*) > 1
149
150 应该可以，而且将不同的记录的ID显示出来。
151 下面的适用于双方记录一样的情况，
152
153 select * from n1 where orderid in (select OrderID from (select * from n1 union select * from n2) a group by OrderID having count(*) > 1)
154 至于双方互不存在的记录是比较好处理的
155 --删除n1,n2中若干条记录
156 delete from n1 where orderID in ('10728','10730')
157 delete from n2 where orderID in ('11000','11001')
158
159 --*************************************************************
160 -- 双方都有该记录却不完全相同
161 select * from n1 where orderid in(select OrderID from (select * from n1 union select * from n2) a group by OrderID having count(*) > 1)
162 union
163 --n2中存在但在n1中不存的在10728,10730
164 select * from n1 where OrderID not in (select OrderID from n2)
165 union
166 --n1中存在但在n2中不存的在11000,11001
167 select * from n2 where OrderID not in (select OrderID from n1)
168
169 * 四种方法取表里n到m条纪录：
170
171 1.
172 select top m * into 临时表(或表变量) from tablename order by columnname -- 将top m笔插入
173 set rowcount n
174 select * from 表变量 order by columnname desc
175
176
177 2.
178 select top n * from (select top m * from tablename order by columnname) a order by columnname desc
179
180
181 3.如果tablename里没有其他identity列，那么：
182 select identity(int) id0,* into #temp from tablename
183
184 取n到m条的语句为：
185 select * from #temp where id0 >=n and id0 <= m
186
187 如果你在执行select identity(int) id0,* into #temp from tablename这条语句的时候报错,那是因为你的DB中间的select into/bulkcopy属性没有打开要先执行：
188 exec sp_dboption 你的DB名字,'select into/bulkcopy',true
189
190
191 4.如果表里有identity属性，那么简单：
192 select * from tablename where identitycol between n and m
193
194 * 如何删除一个表中重复的记录？
195 create table a_dist(id int,name varchar(20))
196
197 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
198 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
199 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
200 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
201
202 exec up_distinct 'a_dist','id'
203
204 select * from a_dist
205
206 create procedure up_distinct(@t_name varchar(30),@f_key varchar(30))
207 --f_key表示是分组字段﹐即主键字段
208 as
209 begin
210 declare @max integer,@id varchar(30) ,@sql varchar(7999) ,@type integer
211 select @sql = 'declare cur_rows cursor for select '+@f_key+' ,count(*) from ' +@t_name +' group by ' +@f_key +' having count(*) > 1'
212 exec(@sql)
213 open cur_rows
214 fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
215 while @@fetch_status=0
216 begin
217 select @max = @max -1
218 set rowcount @max
219 select @type = xtype from syscolumns where id=object_id(@t_name) and name=@f_key
220 if @type=56
221 select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+ @id
222 if @type=167
223 select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+''''+ @id +''''
224 exec(@sql)
225 fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
226 end
227 close cur_rows
228 deallocate cur_rows
229 set rowcount 0
230 end
231
232 select * from systypes
233 select * from syscolumns where id = object_id('a_dist')
234
235 * 查询数据的最大排序问题（只能用一条语句写）
236 CREATE TABLE hard (qu char (11) ,co char (11) ,je numeric(3, 0))
237
238 insert into hard values ('A','1',3)
239 insert into hard values ('A','2',4)
240 insert into hard values ('A','4',2)
241 insert into hard values ('A','6',9)
242 insert into hard values ('B','1',4)
243 insert into hard values ('B','2',5)
244 insert into hard values ('B','3',6)
245 insert into hard values ('C','3',4)
246 insert into hard values ('C','6',7)
247 insert into hard values ('C','2',3)
248
249
250 要求查询出来的结果如下：
251
252 qu co je
253 ----------- ----------- -----
254 A 6 9
255 A 2 4
256 B 3 6
257 B 2 5
258 C 6 7
259 C 3 4
260
261
262 就是要按qu分组，每组中取je最大的前2位！！
263 而且只能用一句sql语句！！！
264 select * from hard a where je in (select top 2 je from hard b where a.qu=b.qu order by je)
265
266 * 求删除重复记录的sql语句？
267 怎样把具有相同字段的纪录删除，只留下一条。
268 例如，表test里有id,name字段
269 如果有name相同的记录 只留下一条，其余的删除。
270 name的内容不定，相同的记录数不定。
271 有没有这样的sql语句？
272 ==============================
273 A:一个完整的解决方案：
274
275 将重复的记录记入temp1表:
276 select [标志字段id],count(*) into temp1 from [表名]
277 group by [标志字段id]
278 having count(*)>1
279
280 2、将不重复的记录记入temp1表:
281 insert temp1 select [标志字段id],count(*) from [表名] group by [标志字段id] having count(*)=1
282
283 3、作一个包含所有不重复记录的表：
284 select * into temp2 from [表名] where 标志字段id in(select 标志字段id from temp1)
285
286 4、删除重复表:
287 delete [表名]
288
289 5、恢复表：
290 insert [表名] select * from temp2
291
292 6、删除临时表:
293 drop table temp1
294 drop table temp2
295 ================================
296 B:
297 create table a_dist(id int,name varchar(20))
298
299 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
300 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
301 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
302 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
303
304 exec up_distinct 'a_dist','id'
305
306 select * from a_dist
307
308 create procedure up_distinct(@t_name varchar(30),@f_key varchar(30))
309 --f_key表示是分组字段﹐即主键字段
310 as
311 begin
312 declare @max integer,@id varchar(30) ,@sql varchar(7999) ,@type integer
313 select @sql = 'declare cur_rows cursor for select '+@f_key+' ,count(*) from ' +@t_name +' group by ' +@f_key +' having count(*) > 1'
314 exec(@sql)
315 open cur_rows
316 fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
317 while @@fetch_status=0
318 begin
319 select @max = @max -1
320 set rowcount @max
321 select @type = xtype from syscolumns where id=object_id(@t_name) and name=@f_key
322 if @type=56
323 select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+ @id
324 if @type=167
325 select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+''''+ @id +''''
326 exec(@sql)
327 fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
328 end
329 close cur_rows
330 deallocate cur_rows
331 set rowcount 0
332 end
333
334 select * from systypes
335 select * from syscolumns where id = object_id('a_dist')
336
337 * 行列转换--普通
338
339 假设有张学生成绩表(CJ)如下
340 Name Subject Result
341 张三 语文 80
342 张三 数学 90
343 张三 物理 85
344 李四 语文 85
345 李四 数学 92
346 李四 物理 82
347
348 想变成
349 姓名 语文 数学 物理
350 张三 80 90 85
351 李四 85 92 82
352
353 declare @sql varchar(4000)
354 set @sql = 'select Name'
355 select @sql = @sql + ',sum(case Subject when '''+Subject+''' then Result end) ['+Subject+']'
356 from (select distinct Subject from CJ) as a
357 select @sql = @sql+' from test group by name'
358 exec(@sql)
359
360 行列转换--合并
361
362 有表A,
363 id pid
364 1 1
365 1 2
366 1 3
367 2 1
368 2 2
369 3 1
370 如何化成表B:
371 id pid
372 1 1,2,3
373 2 1,2
374 3 1
375
376 创建一个合并的函数
377 create function fmerg(@id int)
378 returns varchar(8000)
379 as
380 begin
381 declare @str varchar(8000)
382 set @str=''
383 select @str=@str+','+cast(pid as varchar) from 表A where id=@id
384 set @str=right(@str,len(@str)-1)
385 return(@str)
386 End
387 go
388
389 --调用自定义函数得到结果
390 select distinct id,dbo.fmerg(id) from 表A
391
392 * 如何取得一个数据表的所有列名
393
394 方法如下：先从SYSTEMOBJECT系统表中取得数据表的SYSTEMID,然后再SYSCOLUMN表中取得该数据表的所有列名。
395 SQL语句如下：
396 declare @objid int,@objname char(40)
397 set @objname = 'tablename'
398 select @objid = id from sysobjects where id = object_id(@objname)
399 select 'Column_name' = name from syscolumns where id = @objid order by colid
400
401 或
402
403 SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME ='users'
404
405 * 通过SQL语句来更改用户的密码
406
407 修改别人的,需要sysadmin role
408 EXEC sp_password NULL, 'newpassword', 'User'
409
410 如果帐号为SA执行EXEC sp_password NULL, 'newpassword', sa
411
412 * 怎么判断出一个表的哪些字段不允许为空？
413
414 select COLUMN_NAME from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where IS_NULLABLE='NO' and TABLE_NAME=tablename
415
416 * 如何在数据库里找到含有相同字段的表？
417 a. 查已知列名的情况
418 SELECT b.name as TableName,a.name as columnname
419 From syscolumns a INNER JOIN sysobjects b
420 ON a.id=b.id
421 AND b.type='U'
422 AND a.name='你的字段名字'
423
424 * 未知列名查所有在不同表出现过的列名
425 Select o.name As tablename,s1.name As columnname
426 From syscolumns s1, sysobjects o
427 Where s1.id = o.id
428 And o.type = 'U'
429 And Exists (
430 Select 1 From syscolumns s2
431 Where s1.name = s2.name
432 And s1.id <> s2.id
433 )
434
435 * 查询第xxx行数据
436
437 假设id是主键：
438 select * from (select top xxx * from yourtable) aa where not exists(select 1 from (select top xxx-1 * from yourtable) bb where aa.id=bb.id)
439
440 如果使用游标也是可以的
441 fetch absolute [number] from [cursor_name]
442 行数为绝对行数
443
444 * SQL Server日期计算
445 a. 一个月的第一天
446 SELECT DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,getdate()), 0)
447 b. 本周的星期一
448 SELECT DATEADD(wk, DATEDIFF(wk,0,getdate()), 0)
449 c. 一年的第一天
450 SELECT DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate()), 0)
451 d. 季度的第一天
452 SELECT DATEADD(qq, DATEDIFF(qq,0,getdate()), 0)
453 e. 上个月的最后一天
454 SELECT dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,getdate()), 0))
455 f. 去年的最后一天
456 SELECT dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate()), 0))
457 g. 本月的最后一天
458 SELECT dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(m,0,getdate())+1, 0))
459 h. 本月的第一个星期一
460 select DATEADD(wk, DATEDIFF(wk,0,
461 dateadd(dd,6-datepart(day,getdate()),getdate())
462 ), 0)
463 i. 本年的最后一天
464 SELECT dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate())+1, 0))。
465
466 * 获取表结构[把 'sysobjects' 替换 成 'tablename' 即可]
467
468 SELECT CASE IsNull(I.name, '')
469 When '' Then ''
470 Else '*'
471 End as IsPK,
472 Object_Name(A.id) as t_name,
473 A.name as c_name,
474 IsNull(SubString(M.text, 1, 254), '') as pbc_init,
475 T.name as F_DataType,
476 CASE IsNull(TYPEPROPERTY(T.name, 'Scale'), '')
477 WHEN '' Then Cast(A.prec as varchar)
478 ELSE Cast(A.prec as varchar) + ',' + Cast(A.scale as varchar)
479 END as F_Scale,
480 A.isnullable as F_isNullAble
481 FROM Syscolumns as A
482 JOIN Systypes as T
483 ON (A.xType = T.xUserType AND A.Id = Object_id('sysobjects') )
484 LEFT JOIN ( SysIndexes as I
485 JOIN Syscolumns as A1
486 ON ( I.id = A1.id and A1.id = object_id('sysobjects') and (I.status & 0x800) = 0x800 AND A1.colid <= I.keycnt) )
487 ON ( A.id = I.id AND A.name = index_col('sysobjects', I.indid, A1.colid) )
488 LEFT JOIN SysComments as M
489 ON ( M.id = A.cdefault and ObjectProperty(A.cdefault, 'IsConstraint') = 1 )
490 ORDER BY A.Colid ASC
491
492 * 提取数据库内所有表的字段详细说明的SQL语句
493
494 SELECT
495 (case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end) N'表名',
496 a.colorder N'字段序号',
497 a.name N'字段名',
498 (case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else ''
499 end) N'标识',
500 (case when (SELECT count(*)
501 FROM sysobjects
502 WHERE (name in
503 (SELECT name
504 FROM sysindexes
505 WHERE (id = a.id) AND (indid in
506 (SELECT indid
507 FROM sysindexkeys
508 WHERE (id = a.id) AND (colid in
509 (SELECT colid
510 FROM syscolumns
511 WHERE (id = a.id) AND (name = a.name))))))) AND
512 (xtype = 'PK'))>0 then '√' else '' end) N'主键',
513 b.name N'类型',
514 a.length N'占用字节数',
515 COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION') as N'长度',
516 isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0) as N'小数位数',
517 (case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end) N'允许空',
518 isnull(e.text,'') N'默认值',
519 isnull(g.[value],'') AS N'字段说明'
520 FROM syscolumns a
521 left join systypes b
522 on a.xtype=b.xusertype
523 inner join sysobjects d
524 on a.id=d.id and d.xtype='U' and d.name<>'dtproperties'
525 left join syscomments e
526 on a.cdefault=e.id
527 left join sysproperties g
528 on a.id=g.id AND a.colid = g.smallid
529 order by object_name(a.id),a.colorder
530
531 * 快速获取表test的记录总数[对大容量表非常有效]
532
533 快速获取表test的记录总数:
534 select rows from sysindexes where id = object_id('test') and indid in (0,1)
535
536 update 2 set KHXH=(ID+1)\2 2行递增编号
537 update [23] set id1 = 'No.'+right('00000000'+id,6) where id not like 'No%' //递增
538 update [23] set id1= 'No.'+right('00000000'+replace(id1,'No.',''),6) //补位递增
539 delete from [1] where (id%2)=1
540 奇数
541
542 * 替换表名字段
543 update [1] set domurl = replace(domurl,'Upload/Imgswf/','Upload/Photo/') where domurl like '%Upload/Imgswf/%'
544
545 * 截位
546 SELECT LEFT(表名, 5)
547 熟悉SQL SERVER 2000的数据库管理员都知道，其DTS可以进行数据的导入导出，其实，我们也可以使用Transact-SQL语句进行导入导出操作。在 Transact-SQL语句中，我们主要使用OpenDataSource函数、OPENROWSET 函数，关于函数的详细说明，请参考SQL联机帮助。利用下述方法，可以十分容易地实现SQL SERVER、ACCESS、EXCEL数据转换，详细说明如下：
548
549 一、SQL SERVER 和ACCESS的数据导入导出
550
551 常规的数据导入导出：
552 使用DTS向导迁移你的Access数据到SQL Server，你可以使用这些步骤:
553 ○1在SQL SERVER企业管理器中的Tools（工具）菜单上，选择Data Transformation
554 ○2Services（数据转换服务），然后选择 czdImport Data（导入数据）。
555 ○3在Choose a Data Source（选择数据源）对话框中选择Microsoft Access as the Source，然后键入你的.mdb数据库(.mdb文件扩展名)的文件名或通过浏览寻找该文件。
556 ○4在Choose a Destination（选择目标）对话框中，选择Microsoft OLE DB Prov ider for SQL Server，选择数据库服务器，然后单击必要的验证方式。
557 ○5在Specify Table Copy（指定表格复制）或Query（查询）对话框中，单击Copy tables（复制表格）。
558 ○6在Select Source Tables（选择源表格）对话框中，单击Select All（全部选定）。下一步，完成。
559
560 Transact-SQL语句进行导入导出：
561 1.在SQL SERVER里查询access数据:
562
563 SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=')表名
564
565 2.将access导入SQL server
566 在SQL SERVER 里运行:
567 SELECT * INTO newtable FROM OPENDATASOURCE ('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=' )表名
568
569 3.将SQL SERVER表里的数据插入到Access表中
570 在SQL SERVER 里运行：
571 insert into OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source=" c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=')表名 (列名1,列名2) select 列名1,列名2 from sql表
572
573 实例：
574 insert into OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','C:\db.mdb';'admin';'', Test) select id,name from Test
575
576
577 INSERT INTO OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'c:\trade.mdb'; 'admin'; '', 表名) SELECT * FROM sqltablename
578
579 二、SQL SERVER 和EXCEL的数据导入导出
580
581 1、在SQL SERVER里查询Excel数据:
582
583 SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\book1.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')[Sheet1$]
584
585 下面是个查询的示例，它通过用于 Jet 的 OLE DB 提供程序查询 Excel 电子表格。
586 SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource ( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\Finance\account.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')xactions
587
588 2、将Excel的数据导入SQL server :
589 SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\book1.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')[Sheet1$]
590
591 实例:
592 SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\Finance\account.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')xactions
593
594 3、将SQL SERVER中查询到的数据导成一个Excel文件
595 T-SQL代码：
596 EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp 库名.dbo.表名out c:\Temp.xls -c -q -S"servername" -U"sa" -P""'
597 参数：S 是SQL服务器名；U是用户；P是密码
598 说明：还可以导出文本文件等多种格式
599
600 实例:EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp saletesttmp.dbo.CusAccount out c:\temp1.xls -c -q -S"pmserver" -U"sa" -P"sa"'
601
602 EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp "SELECT au_fname, au_lname FROM pubs..authors ORDER BY au_lname" queryout C:\ authors.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword'
603
604 在VB6中应用ADO导出EXCEL文件代码：
605 Dim cn As New ADODB.Connection
606 cn.open "Driver={SQL Server};Server=WEBSVR;DataBase=WebMis;UID=sa;WD=123;"
607 cn.execute "master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp "SELECT col1, col2 FROM 库名.dbo.表名" queryout E:\DT.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword'"
608
609
610 4、在SQL SERVER里往Excel插入数据:
611
612 insert into OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\Temp.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')table1 (A1,A2,A3) values (1,2,3)
613
614 T-SQL代码：
615 INSERT INTO
616 OPENDATASOURCE('Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0','Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;Data source=C:\training\inventur.xls')[Filiale1$] (bestand, produkt) VALUES (20, 'Test')
617
618
619 本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/jshang/archive/2007/12/14/1935772.aspx
1 * 说明：复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b)
2 select * into b from a where 1<>1
3
4 * 说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b)
5 insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
6
7 * 说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
8 select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
9
10 * 说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
11 select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
12
13 * 说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒
14 select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5
15
16 * 说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
17 delete from info where not exists ( select * from infobz where info.infid=infobz.infid )
18
19 * 说明：--
20
21 SQL:
22
23 SELECT A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE
24
25 FROM TABLE1,
26
27 (SELECT X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE
28
29 FROM (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND
30
31 FROM TABLE2
32
33 WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM')) X,
34
35 (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND
36
37 FROM TABLE2
38
39 WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') =
40
41 TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM') || '/01','YYYY/MM/DD') - 1, 'YYYY/MM') ) Y,
42
43 WHERE X.NUM = Y.NUM （+）
44
45 AND X.INBOUND_QTY + NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,0) <> X.STOCK_ONHAND ) B
46
47 WHERE A.NUM = B.NUM
48
49 * 说明：--
50 select * from studentinfo where not exists(select * from student where studentinfo.id=student.id) and 系名称='"&strdepartmentname&"' and 专业名称='"&strprofessionname&"' order by 性别,生源地,高考总成绩
51
52 * 从数据库中去一年的各单位电话费统计(电话费定额贺电化肥清单两个表来源）
53
54 SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy') AS telyear,
55
56 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '01', a.factration)) AS JAN,
57
58 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '02', a.factration)) AS FRI,
59
60 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '03', a.factration)) AS MAR,
61
62 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '04', a.factration)) AS APR,
63
64 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '05', a.factration)) AS MAY,
65
66 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '06', a.factration)) AS JUE,
67
68 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '07', a.factration)) AS JUL,
69
70 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '08', a.factration)) AS AGU,
71
72 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '09', a.factration)) AS SEP,
73
74 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '10', a.factration)) AS OCT,
75
76 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '11', a.factration)) AS NOV,
77
78 SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '12', a.factration)) AS DEC
79
80 FROM (SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration
81
82 FROM TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b
83
84 WHERE a.tel = b.telfax) a
85
86 GROUP BY a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy')
87
88 * 说明：四表联查问题
89 select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where ..
90
91 * 说明：得到表中最小的未使用的ID号
92
93 * SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID = 1) THEN MIN(HandleID) + 1 ELSE 1 END) as HandleID FROM Handle WHERE NOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID - 1 FROM Handle a)
94
95 * 一个SQL语句的问题:行列转换
96 select * from v_temp
97 上面的视图结果如下:
98 user_name role_name
99 -------------------------
100 系统管理员 管理员
101 feng 管理员
102 feng 一般用户
103 test 一般用户
104 想把结果变成这样:
105 user_name role_name
106 ---------------------------
107 系统管理员 管理员
108 feng 管理员,一般用户
109 test 一般用户
110 ===================
111 create table a_test(name varchar(20),role2 varchar(20))
112 insert into a_test values('李','管理员')
113 insert into a_test values('张','管理员')
114 insert into a_test values('张','一般用户')
115 insert into a_test values('常','一般用户')
116
117 create function join_str(@content varchar(100))
118 returns varchar(2000)
119 as
120 begin
121 declare @str varchar(2000)
122 set @str=''
123 select @str=@str+','+rtrim(role2) from a_test where [name]=@content
124 select @str=right(@str,len(@str)-1)
125 return @str
126 end
127 go
128
129 --调用：
130 select [name],dbo.join_str([name]) role2 from a_test group by [name]
131
132 --select distinct name,dbo.uf_test(name) from a_test
133
134 * 快速比较结构相同的两表
135 结构相同的两表，一表有记录3万条左右，一表有记录2万条左右，我怎样快速查找两表的不同记录？
136 ============================
137 给你一个测试方法，从northwind中的orders表取数据。
138 select * into n1 from orders
139 select * into n2 from orders
140
141 select * from n1
142 select * from n2
143
144 --添加主键，然后修改n1中若干字段的若干条
145 alter table n1 add constraint pk_n1_id primary key (OrderID)
146 alter table n2 add constraint pk_n2_id primary key (OrderID)
147
148 select OrderID from (select * from n1 union select * from n2) a group by OrderID having count(*) > 1
149
150 应该可以，而且将不同的记录的ID显示出来。
151 下面的适用于双方记录一样的情况，
152
153 select * from n1 where orderid in (select OrderID from (select * from n1 union select * from n2) a group by OrderID having count(*) > 1)
154 至于双方互不存在的记录是比较好处理的
155 --删除n1,n2中若干条记录
156 delete from n1 where orderID in ('10728','10730')
157 delete from n2 where orderID in ('11000','11001')
158
159 --*************************************************************
160 -- 双方都有该记录却不完全相同
161 select * from n1 where orderid in(select OrderID from (select * from n1 union select * from n2) a group by OrderID having count(*) > 1)
162 union
163 --n2中存在但在n1中不存的在10728,10730
164 select * from n1 where OrderID not in (select OrderID from n2)
165 union
166 --n1中存在但在n2中不存的在11000,11001
167 select * from n2 where OrderID not in (select OrderID from n1)
168
169 * 四种方法取表里n到m条纪录：
170
171 1.
172 select top m * into 临时表(或表变量) from tablename order by columnname -- 将top m笔插入
173 set rowcount n
174 select * from 表变量 order by columnname desc
175
176
177 2.
178 select top n * from (select top m * from tablename order by columnname) a order by columnname desc
179
180
181 3.如果tablename里没有其他identity列，那么：
182 select identity(int) id0,* into #temp from tablename
183
184 取n到m条的语句为：
185 select * from #temp where id0 >=n and id0 <= m
186
187 如果你在执行select identity(int) id0,* into #temp from tablename这条语句的时候报错,那是因为你的DB中间的select into/bulkcopy属性没有打开要先执行：
188 exec sp_dboption 你的DB名字,'select into/bulkcopy',true
189
190
191 4.如果表里有identity属性，那么简单：
192 select * from tablename where identitycol between n and m
193
194 * 如何删除一个表中重复的记录？
195 create table a_dist(id int,name varchar(20))
196
197 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
198 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
199 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
200 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
201
202 exec up_distinct 'a_dist','id'
203
204 select * from a_dist
205
206 create procedure up_distinct(@t_name varchar(30),@f_key varchar(30))
207 --f_key表示是分组字段﹐即主键字段
208 as
209 begin
210 declare @max integer,@id varchar(30) ,@sql varchar(7999) ,@type integer
211 select @sql = 'declare cur_rows cursor for select '+@f_key+' ,count(*) from ' +@t_name +' group by ' +@f_key +' having count(*) > 1'
212 exec(@sql)
213 open cur_rows
214 fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
215 while @@fetch_status=0
216 begin
217 select @max = @max -1
218 set rowcount @max
219 select @type = xtype from syscolumns where id=object_id(@t_name) and name=@f_key
220 if @type=56
221 select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+ @id
222 if @type=167
223 select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+''''+ @id +''''
224 exec(@sql)
225 fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
226 end
227 close cur_rows
228 deallocate cur_rows
229 set rowcount 0
230 end
231
232 select * from systypes
233 select * from syscolumns where id = object_id('a_dist')
234
235 * 查询数据的最大排序问题（只能用一条语句写）
236 CREATE TABLE hard (qu char (11) ,co char (11) ,je numeric(3, 0))
237
238 insert into hard values ('A','1',3)
239 insert into hard values ('A','2',4)
240 insert into hard values ('A','4',2)
241 insert into hard values ('A','6',9)
242 insert into hard values ('B','1',4)
243 insert into hard values ('B','2',5)
244 insert into hard values ('B','3',6)
245 insert into hard values ('C','3',4)
246 insert into hard values ('C','6',7)
247 insert into hard values ('C','2',3)
248
249
250 要求查询出来的结果如下：
251
252 qu co je
253 ----------- ----------- -----
254 A 6 9
255 A 2 4
256 B 3 6
257 B 2 5
258 C 6 7
259 C 3 4
260
261
262 就是要按qu分组，每组中取je最大的前2位！！
263 而且只能用一句sql语句！！！
264 select * from hard a where je in (select top 2 je from hard b where a.qu=b.qu order by je)
265
266 * 求删除重复记录的sql语句？
267 怎样把具有相同字段的纪录删除，只留下一条。
268 例如，表test里有id,name字段
269 如果有name相同的记录 只留下一条，其余的删除。
270 name的内容不定，相同的记录数不定。
271 有没有这样的sql语句？
272 ==============================
273 A:一个完整的解决方案：
274
275 将重复的记录记入temp1表:
276 select [标志字段id],count(*) into temp1 from [表名]
277 group by [标志字段id]
278 having count(*)>1
279
280 2、将不重复的记录记入temp1表:
281 insert temp1 select [标志字段id],count(*) from [表名] group by [标志字段id] having count(*)=1
282
283 3、作一个包含所有不重复记录的表：
284 select * into temp2 from [表名] where 标志字段id in(select 标志字段id from temp1)
285
286 4、删除重复表:
287 delete [表名]
288
289 5、恢复表：
290 insert [表名] select * from temp2
291
292 6、删除临时表:
293 drop table temp1
294 drop table temp2
295 ================================
296 B:
297 create table a_dist(id int,name varchar(20))
298
299 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
300 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
301 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
302 insert into a_dist values(1,'abc')
303
304 exec up_distinct 'a_dist','id'
305
306 select * from a_dist
307
308 create procedure up_distinct(@t_name varchar(30),@f_key varchar(30))
309 --f_key表示是分组字段﹐即主键字段
310 as
311 begin
312 declare @max integer,@id varchar(30) ,@sql varchar(7999) ,@type integer
313 select @sql = 'declare cur_rows cursor for select '+@f_key+' ,count(*) from ' +@t_name +' group by ' +@f_key +' having count(*) > 1'
314 exec(@sql)
315 open cur_rows
316 fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
317 while @@fetch_status=0
318 begin
319 select @max = @max -1
320 set rowcount @max
321 select @type = xtype from syscolumns where id=object_id(@t_name) and name=@f_key
322 if @type=56
323 select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+ @id
324 if @type=167
325 select @sql = 'delete from '+@t_name+' where ' + @f_key+' = '+''''+ @id +''''
326 exec(@sql)
327 fetch cur_rows into @id,@max
328 end
329 close cur_rows
330 deallocate cur_rows
331 set rowcount 0
332 end
333
334 select * from systypes
335 select * from syscolumns where id = object_id('a_dist')
336
337 * 行列转换--普通
338
339 假设有张学生成绩表(CJ)如下
340 Name Subject Result
341 张三 语文 80
342 张三 数学 90
343 张三 物理 85
344 李四 语文 85
345 李四 数学 92
346 李四 物理 82
347
348 想变成
349 姓名 语文 数学 物理
350 张三 80 90 85
351 李四 85 92 82
352
353 declare @sql varchar(4000)
354 set @sql = 'select Name'
355 select @sql = @sql + ',sum(case Subject when '''+Subject+''' then Result end) ['+Subject+']'
356 from (select distinct Subject from CJ) as a
357 select @sql = @sql+' from test group by name'
358 exec(@sql)
359
360 行列转换--合并
361
362 有表A,
363 id pid
364 1 1
365 1 2
366 1 3
367 2 1
368 2 2
369 3 1
370 如何化成表B:
371 id pid
372 1 1,2,3
373 2 1,2
374 3 1
375
376 创建一个合并的函数
377 create function fmerg(@id int)
378 returns varchar(8000)
379 as
380 begin
381 declare @str varchar(8000)
382 set @str=''
383 select @str=@str+','+cast(pid as varchar) from 表A where id=@id
384 set @str=right(@str,len(@str)-1)
385 return(@str)
386 End
387 go
388
389 --调用自定义函数得到结果
390 select distinct id,dbo.fmerg(id) from 表A
391
392 * 如何取得一个数据表的所有列名
393
394 方法如下：先从SYSTEMOBJECT系统表中取得数据表的SYSTEMID,然后再SYSCOLUMN表中取得该数据表的所有列名。
395 SQL语句如下：
396 declare @objid int,@objname char(40)
397 set @objname = 'tablename'
398 select @objid = id from sysobjects where id = object_id(@objname)
399 select 'Column_name' = name from syscolumns where id = @objid order by colid
400
401 或
402
403 SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME ='users'
404
405 * 通过SQL语句来更改用户的密码
406
407 修改别人的,需要sysadmin role
408 EXEC sp_password NULL, 'newpassword', 'User'
409
410 如果帐号为SA执行EXEC sp_password NULL, 'newpassword', sa
411
412 * 怎么判断出一个表的哪些字段不允许为空？
413
414 select COLUMN_NAME from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where IS_NULLABLE='NO' and TABLE_NAME=tablename
415
416 * 如何在数据库里找到含有相同字段的表？
417 a. 查已知列名的情况
418 SELECT b.name as TableName,a.name as columnname
419 From syscolumns a INNER JOIN sysobjects b
420 ON a.id=b.id
421 AND b.type='U'
422 AND a.name='你的字段名字'
423
424 * 未知列名查所有在不同表出现过的列名
425 Select o.name As tablename,s1.name As columnname
426 From syscolumns s1, sysobjects o
427 Where s1.id = o.id
428 And o.type = 'U'
429 And Exists (
430 Select 1 From syscolumns s2
431 Where s1.name = s2.name
432 And s1.id <> s2.id
433 )
434
435 * 查询第xxx行数据
436
437 假设id是主键：
438 select * from (select top xxx * from yourtable) aa where not exists(select 1 from (select top xxx-1 * from yourtable) bb where aa.id=bb.id)
439
440 如果使用游标也是可以的
441 fetch absolute [number] from [cursor_name]
442 行数为绝对行数
443
444 * SQL Server日期计算
445 a. 一个月的第一天
446 SELECT DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,getdate()), 0)
447 b. 本周的星期一
448 SELECT DATEADD(wk, DATEDIFF(wk,0,getdate()), 0)
449 c. 一年的第一天
450 SELECT DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate()), 0)
451 d. 季度的第一天
452 SELECT DATEADD(qq, DATEDIFF(qq,0,getdate()), 0)
453 e. 上个月的最后一天
454 SELECT dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,getdate()), 0))
455 f. 去年的最后一天
456 SELECT dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate()), 0))
457 g. 本月的最后一天
458 SELECT dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(m,0,getdate())+1, 0))
459 h. 本月的第一个星期一
460 select DATEADD(wk, DATEDIFF(wk,0,
461 dateadd(dd,6-datepart(day,getdate()),getdate())
462 ), 0)
463 i. 本年的最后一天
464 SELECT dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate())+1, 0))。
465
466 * 获取表结构[把 'sysobjects' 替换 成 'tablename' 即可]
467
468 SELECT CASE IsNull(I.name, '')
469 When '' Then ''
470 Else '*'
471 End as IsPK,
472 Object_Name(A.id) as t_name,
473 A.name as c_name,
474 IsNull(SubString(M.text, 1, 254), '') as pbc_init,
475 T.name as F_DataType,
476 CASE IsNull(TYPEPROPERTY(T.name, 'Scale'), '')
477 WHEN '' Then Cast(A.prec as varchar)
478 ELSE Cast(A.prec as varchar) + ',' + Cast(A.scale as varchar)
479 END as F_Scale,
480 A.isnullable as F_isNullAble
481 FROM Syscolumns as A
482 JOIN Systypes as T
483 ON (A.xType = T.xUserType AND A.Id = Object_id('sysobjects') )
484 LEFT JOIN ( SysIndexes as I
485 JOIN Syscolumns as A1
486 ON ( I.id = A1.id and A1.id = object_id('sysobjects') and (I.status & 0x800) = 0x800 AND A1.colid <= I.keycnt) )
487 ON ( A.id = I.id AND A.name = index_col('sysobjects', I.indid, A1.colid) )
488 LEFT JOIN SysComments as M
489 ON ( M.id = A.cdefault and ObjectProperty(A.cdefault, 'IsConstraint') = 1 )
490 ORDER BY A.Colid ASC
491
492 * 提取数据库内所有表的字段详细说明的SQL语句
493
494 SELECT
495 (case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end) N'表名',
496 a.colorder N'字段序号',
497 a.name N'字段名',
498 (case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else ''
499 end) N'标识',
500 (case when (SELECT count(*)
501 FROM sysobjects
502 WHERE (name in
503 (SELECT name
504 FROM sysindexes
505 WHERE (id = a.id) AND (indid in
506 (SELECT indid
507 FROM sysindexkeys
508 WHERE (id = a.id) AND (colid in
509 (SELECT colid
510 FROM syscolumns
511 WHERE (id = a.id) AND (name = a.name))))))) AND
512 (xtype = 'PK'))>0 then '√' else '' end) N'主键',
513 b.name N'类型',
514 a.length N'占用字节数',
515 COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION') as N'长度',
516 isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0) as N'小数位数',
517 (case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end) N'允许空',
518 isnull(e.text,'') N'默认值',
519 isnull(g.[value],'') AS N'字段说明'
520 FROM syscolumns a
521 left join systypes b
522 on a.xtype=b.xusertype
523 inner join sysobjects d
524 on a.id=d.id and d.xtype='U' and d.name<>'dtproperties'
525 left join syscomments e
526 on a.cdefault=e.id
527 left join sysproperties g
528 on a.id=g.id AND a.colid = g.smallid
529 order by object_name(a.id),a.colorder
530
531 * 快速获取表test的记录总数[对大容量表非常有效]
532
533 快速获取表test的记录总数:
534 select rows from sysindexes where id = object_id('test') and indid in (0,1)
535
536 update 2 set KHXH=(ID+1)\2 2行递增编号
537 update [23] set id1 = 'No.'+right('00000000'+id,6) where id not like 'No%' //递增
538 update [23] set id1= 'No.'+right('00000000'+replace(id1,'No.',''),6) //补位递增
539 delete from [1] where (id%2)=1
540 奇数
541
542 * 替换表名字段
543 update [1] set domurl = replace(domurl,'Upload/Imgswf/','Upload/Photo/') where domurl like '%Upload/Imgswf/%'
544
545 * 截位
546 SELECT LEFT(表名, 5)
547 熟悉SQL SERVER 2000的数据库管理员都知道，其DTS可以进行数据的导入导出，其实，我们也可以使用Transact-SQL语句进行导入导出操作。在 Transact-SQL语句中，我们主要使用OpenDataSource函数、OPENROWSET 函数，关于函数的详细说明，请参考SQL联机帮助。利用下述方法，可以十分容易地实现SQL SERVER、ACCESS、EXCEL数据转换，详细说明如下：
548
549 一、SQL SERVER 和ACCESS的数据导入导出
550
551 常规的数据导入导出：
552 使用DTS向导迁移你的Access数据到SQL Server，你可以使用这些步骤:
553 ○1在SQL SERVER企业管理器中的Tools（工具）菜单上，选择Data Transformation
554 ○2Services（数据转换服务），然后选择 czdImport Data（导入数据）。
555 ○3在Choose a Data Source（选择数据源）对话框中选择Microsoft Access as the Source，然后键入你的.mdb数据库(.mdb文件扩展名)的文件名或通过浏览寻找该文件。
556 ○4在Choose a Destination（选择目标）对话框中，选择Microsoft OLE DB Prov ider for SQL Server，选择数据库服务器，然后单击必要的验证方式。
557 ○5在Specify Table Copy（指定表格复制）或Query（查询）对话框中，单击Copy tables（复制表格）。
558 ○6在Select Source Tables（选择源表格）对话框中，单击Select All（全部选定）。下一步，完成。
559
560 Transact-SQL语句进行导入导出：
561 1.在SQL SERVER里查询access数据:
562
563 SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=')表名
564
565 2.将access导入SQL server
566 在SQL SERVER 里运行:
567 SELECT * INTO newtable FROM OPENDATASOURCE ('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=' )表名
568
569 3.将SQL SERVER表里的数据插入到Access表中
570 在SQL SERVER 里运行：
571 insert into OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source=" c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=')表名 (列名1,列名2) select 列名1,列名2 from sql表
572
573 实例：
574 insert into OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','C:\db.mdb';'admin';'', Test) select id,name from Test
575
576
577 INSERT INTO OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'c:\trade.mdb'; 'admin'; '', 表名) SELECT * FROM sqltablename
578
579 二、SQL SERVER 和EXCEL的数据导入导出
580
581 1、在SQL SERVER里查询Excel数据:
582
583 SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\book1.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')[Sheet1$]
584
585 下面是个查询的示例，它通过用于 Jet 的 OLE DB 提供程序查询 Excel 电子表格。
586 SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource ( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\Finance\account.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')xactions
587
588 2、将Excel的数据导入SQL server :
589 SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\book1.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')[Sheet1$]
590
591 实例:
592 SELECT * into newtable FROM OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\Finance\account.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')xactions
593
594 3、将SQL SERVER中查询到的数据导成一个Excel文件
595 T-SQL代码：
596 EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp 库名.dbo.表名out c:\Temp.xls -c -q -S"servername" -U"sa" -P""'
597 参数：S 是SQL服务器名；U是用户；P是密码
598 说明：还可以导出文本文件等多种格式
599
600 实例:EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp saletesttmp.dbo.CusAccount out c:\temp1.xls -c -q -S"pmserver" -U"sa" -P"sa"'
601
602 EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp "SELECT au_fname, au_lname FROM pubs..authors ORDER BY au_lname" queryout C:\ authors.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword'
603
604 在VB6中应用ADO导出EXCEL文件代码：
605 Dim cn As New ADODB.Connection
606 cn.open "Driver={SQL Server};Server=WEBSVR;DataBase=WebMis;UID=sa;WD=123;"
607 cn.execute "master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp "SELECT col1, col2 FROM 库名.dbo.表名" queryout E:\DT.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword'"
608
609
610 4、在SQL SERVER里往Excel插入数据:
611
612 insert into OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\Temp.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')table1 (A1,A2,A3) values (1,2,3)
613
614 T-SQL代码：
615 INSERT INTO
616 OPENDATASOURCE('Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0','Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;Data source=C:\training\inventur.xls')[Filiale1$] (bestand, produkt) VALUES (20, 'Test')
617
618
619 本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/jshang/archive/2007/12/14/1935772.aspx
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