VMWare 网络连接的三种工作模式(bridged、host-only、NAT)

Bridged

Bridged
networking connects a virtual machine to a network using the host computer's
Ethernet adapter.

Bridged
networking is set up automatically if you select Use bridged
networking
in the New Virtual Machine Wizard or if you select the Typical
setup path. This selection is available on a Linux host
only if you enable the bridged networking option when you install VMware
Workstation.

If
your host computer is on an Ethernet network, this is often the easiest way to
give your virtual machine access to that network. Linux and Windows hosts can
use bridged networking to connect to both wired and wireless networks.

If
you use bridged networking, your virtual machine needs to have its own identity
on the network. For example, on a TCP/IP network, the virtual machine needs its
own IP address. Your network administrator can tell you whether IP addresses are
available for your virtual machine and what networking settings you should use
in the guest operating system. Generally, your guest operating system may
acquire an IP address and other network details automatically from a DHCP
server, or you may need to set the IP address and other details manually in the
guest operating system.

If
you use bridged networking, the virtual machine is a full participant in the
network. It has access to other machines on the network and can be contacted by
other machines on the network as if it were a physical computer on the network.

Be
aware that if the host computer is set up to boot multiple operating systems and
you run one or more of them in virtual machines, you need to configure each
operating system with a unique network address. People who boot multiple
operating systems often assign all systems the same address, since they assume
only one operating system will be running at a time. If you use one or more of
the operating systems in a virtual machine, this assumption is no longer true.

If
you make some other selection in the New Virtual Machine Wizard and later decide
you want to use bridged networking, you can make that change in the virtual
machine settings editor (VM > Settings）

NAT

NAT gives a
virtual machine access to network resources using the host computer's IP
address.

A
network address translation connection is set up automatically if you follow the
Custom
path in the New Virtual Machine Wizard and select Use network address translation
.

If
you want to connect to the Internet or other TCP/IP network using the host
computer's dial-up networking or broadband connection and you are not able to
give your virtual machine an IP address on the external network, NAT is often
the easiest way to give your virtual machine access to that network.

NAT
also allows you to connect to a TCP/IP network using a Token Ring adapter on the
host computer.

If
you use NAT, your virtual machine does not have its own IP address on the
external network. Instead, a separate private network is set up on the host
computer. Your virtual machine gets an address on that network from the VMware
virtual DHCP server. The VMware NAT device passes network data between one or
more virtual machines and the external network. It identifies incoming data
packets intended for each virtual machine and sends them to the correct
destination.

If
you select NAT, the virtual machine can use many standard TCP/IP protocols to
connect to other machines on the external network. For example, you can use HTTP
to browse Web sites, FTP to transfer files and Telnet to log on to other
computers. In the default configuration, computers on the external network
cannot initiate connections to the virtual machine. That means, for example,
that the default configuration does not let you use the virtual machine as a Web
server to send Web pages to computers on the external network.

If
you make some other selection in the New Virtual Machine Wizard and later decide
you want to use NAT, you can make that change in the virtual machine settings
editor (VM > Settings
)

Host-only


Host-Only Networking

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Host-only
networking creates a network that is completely contained within the host
computer.

A
host-only network is set up automatically if you select Use
Host-only Networking
in the New Virtual Machine Wizard. On Linux hosts, this
selection is available only if you enabled the host-only networking option when
you installed VMware Workstation.

Host-only
networking provides a network connection between the virtual machine and the
host computer, using a virtual Ethernet adapter that is visible to the host
operating system. This approach can be useful if you need to set up an isolated
virtual network.

If
you use host-only networking, your virtual machine and the host virtual adapter
are connected to a private Ethernet network. Addresses on this network are
provided by the VMware DHCP server.

If
you make some other selection in the New Virtual Machine Wizard and later decide
you want to use host-only networking, you can make that change in the virtual
machine settings editor (VM > Settings
). For details, see
Changing the
Networking Configuration

.

Routing and
Connection Sharing


If
you install the proper routing or proxy software on your host computer, you can
establish a connection between the host virtual Ethernet adapter and a physical
network adapter on the host computer. This allows you, for example, to connect
the virtual machine to a Token Ring or other non-Ethernet network.

On
a Windows 2000, Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 host computer, you can use
host-only networking in combination with the Internet connection sharing feature
in Windows to allow a virtual machine to use the host's dial-up networking
adapter or other connection to the Internet. See your Windows documentation for
details on configuring Internet connection sharing.

VMWare提供了三种工作模式，它们是bridged(桥接模式)、NAT(网络地址转换模式)和host-only(主机模式)。要想在网络管理和维护中合理应用它们，你就应该先了解一下这三种工作模式。

　　1.bridged(桥接模式)

　　在这种模式下，VMWare虚拟出来的操作系统就像是局域网中的一台独立的主机，它可以访问网内任何一台机器。在桥接模式下，你需要手工为虚拟系统配置IP地址、子网掩码，而且还要和宿主机器处于同一网段，这样虚拟系统才能和宿主机器进行通信。同时，由于这个虚拟系统是局域网中的一个独立的主机系统，那么就可以手工配置它的TCP/IP配置信息，以实现通过局域网的网关或路由器访问互联网。

　　使用桥接模式的虚拟系统和宿主机器的关系，就像连接在同一个Hub上的两台电脑。想让它们相互通讯，你就需要为虚拟系统配置IP地址和子网掩码，否则就无法通信。

　　如果你想利用VMWare在局域网内新建一个虚拟服务器，为局域网用户提供网络服务，就应该选择桥接模式。

　　2.host-only(主机模式)

　　在某些特殊的网络调试环境中，要求将真实环境和虚拟环境隔离开，这时你就可采用host-only模式。在host-only模式中，所有的虚拟系统是可以相互通信的，但虚拟系统和真实的网络是被隔离开的。

　　提示:在host-only模式下，虚拟系统和宿主机器系统是可以相互通信的，相当于这两台机器通过双绞线互连。

　　在host-only模式下，虚拟系统的TCP/IP配置信息(如IP地址、网关地址、DNS服务器等)，都是由VMnet1(host-only)虚拟网络的DHCP服务器来动态分配的。

　　如果你想利用VMWare创建一个与网内其他机器相隔离的虚拟系统，进行某些特殊的网络调试工作，可以选择host-only模式。

　　3.NAT(网络地址转换模式)

　　使用NAT模式，就是让虚拟系统借助NAT(网络地址转换)功能，通过宿主机器所在的网络来访问公网。也就是说，使用NAT模式可以实现在虚拟系统里访问互联网。NAT模式下的虚拟系统的TCP/IP配置信息是由VMnet8(NAT)虚拟网络的DHCP服务器提供的，无法进行手工修改，因此虚拟系统也就无法和本局域网中的其他真实主机进行通讯。采用NAT模式最大的优势是虚拟系统接入互联网非常简单，你不需要进行任何其他的配置，只需要宿主机器能访问互联网即可。

　　如果你想利用VMWare安装一个新的虚拟系统，在虚拟系统中不用进行任何手工配置就能直接访问互联网，建议你采用NAT模式。

　　提示:以上所提到的NAT模式下的VMnet8虚拟网络，host-only模式下的VMnet1虚拟网络，以及bridged模式下的VMnet0虚拟网络，都是由VMWare虚拟机自动配置而生成的，不需要用户自行设置。VMnet8和VMnet1提供DHCP服务，VMnet0虚拟网络则不提供

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