ORACLE热备复制数据库全记录（可以修改数据库名和数据文件路径）

oralce热备是最简单，速度最快的数据库复制方法，以下是我的全部记录：
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计划通过热备的方式，把*.*.*.240上SGPMDB，复制到*.*.201.180上去,新库的SID为SGTESTB

首先在180上用oracle创建一样的目录，用来存放240的全库备份文件

创建一个密码文件
orapwd FILE=/oracle/base/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwdSGTESTB PASSWORD=oracle ENTRIES=30

准备一个pfileSGTESTB.ora
DB_NAME=SGTESTB
db_block_size=8192
compatible=10.2.0.3.0
shared_pool_size=500M
db_file_name_convert=('/app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB','/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB') ;
log_file_name_convert=('/app/oracle/base/admin/SGPMDB/arch','/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/arch') ;

在源库上执行
alter database begin backup;

select 'get '||substr(name,instr(name,'/',-1)+1),
'put '||name||' /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/'||substr(name,instr(name,'/',-1)+1),bytes
from v$datafile;

--ftp数据文件
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/system01.dbf /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/system01.dbf
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/undotbs01.dbf /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/undotbs01.dbf
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/sysaux01.dbf /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/sysaux01.dbf
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/users01.dbf /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/users01.dbf
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_A001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_A001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_C001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_C001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_D001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_D001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_M001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_M001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_R001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_R001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_O001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_O001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_E001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_E001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_G001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_G001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_P001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_P001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_S001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_S001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_A001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_A001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_C001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_C001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_D001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_D001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_M001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_M001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_R001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_R001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_O001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_O001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_E001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_E001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_G001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_G001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_P001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_P001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_S001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_S001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_MAN001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_MAN001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_MAN001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_MAN001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_SGPM.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_SGPM.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_Y.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_Y.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_Y.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_Y.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_OUT.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_OUT.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_OUT.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_OUT.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/DATA_ARC001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_ARC001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/IDX_ARC001.DBF /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_ARC001.DBF
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/pa_data01.dbf /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/pa_data01.dbf
put /app/oracle/base/oradata/SGPMDB/pa_index01.dbf /oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/pa_index01.dbf

alter database end backup;

通过在sqlplus上执行archive log list命令获取当前的日志顺序号，
从oldest online log sequence开始到current log sequence的联机redo日志应该是热备份的一部分。
SQL> archive log list ;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /app/oracle/base/admin/SGPMDB/arch
Oldest online log sequence 10131
Next log sequence to archive 10133
Current log sequence 10133

在sqlplus上执行 alter system switch logfile; 命令来强迫日志切换，以便所有的日志都被归档。

使用alter database backup controlfile to trace;命令获得控制文件的一个备份，
可以到%oracle_base%\admin\%oracle_sid%\udump目录中寻找最新的跟踪文件，其中有重建控制文件的全部命令。

alter database backup controlfile to trace resetlogs;

select value||'/'||
(select instance_name from v$instance)
||'_ora_'||spid||'.trc' from v$process,v$parameter where
name='user_dump_dest' and addr=(select paddr from v$session where sid=(select sid
from v$mystat where rownum=1));

获取trace文件查看控制文件创建信息 /app/oracle/base/admin/SGPMDB/udump/SGPMDB_ora_30797.trc

拷贝归档的日志文件到目标库相应目录。
select * from v$archived_log;
sgpmdb_10132_1_652109004.arch sgpmdb_10133_1_652109004.arch

put /app/oracle/base/admin/SGPMDB/arch/sgpmdb_10132_1_652109004.arch /oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/arch/sgpmdb_10132_1_652109004.arch
put /app/oracle/base/admin/SGPMDB/arch/sgpmdb_10133_1_652109004.arch /oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/arch/sgpmdb_10133_1_652109004.arch

在目标库上启动辅助实例
export ORACLE_SID=SGTESTB
sqlplus / as sysdba
STARTUP NOMOUNT PFILE='/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/pfile/pfileSGTESTB.ora'

在控制文件备份中，有创建控制文件的脚本
CREATE CONTROLFILE set DATABASE "SGTESTB" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 4672
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/system01.dbf',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/undotbs01.dbf',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/sysaux01.dbf',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/users01.dbf',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_A001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_C001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_D001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_M001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_R001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_O001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_E001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_G001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_P001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_S001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_A001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_C001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_D001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_M001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_R001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_O001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_E001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_G001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_P001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_S001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_MAN001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_MAN001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_SGPM.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_Y.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_Y.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_OUT.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_OUT.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/DATA_ARC001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/IDX_ARC001.DBF',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/pa_data01.dbf',
'/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/pa_index01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET UTF8
;

在目标机上指明归档日志的位置
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest='/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/arch' ;

登录RMAN，让RMAN识别到归档日志
RMAN> catalog start with '/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/arch';

RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 17-AUG-09
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archive log thread 1 sequence 10133 is already on disk as file /oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/arch/sgpmdb_10133_1_652109004.arch
archive log filename=/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/arch/sgpmdb_10133_1_652109004.arch thread=1 sequence=10133
unable to find archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=10134
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 08/17/2009 11:26:56
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 10134 lowscn 10110329200744

没有更新的日志，到此就恢复完成，可以打开库了

重设日志打开
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

增加临时表空间
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 50M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;

复制控制文件，并且在pfile里面指定
然后重新根据pfile生成spfile，并且修改/etc/oratab
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.3.0'
*.control_files='/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/control01.ctl','/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/control02.ctl','/oracle/base/oradata/SGTESTB/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='SGTESTB'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.db_recovery_file_dest=''
*.log_archive_dest='/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/arch'
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.processes=300
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/udump'
*.sga_max_size=1048576000
*.sga_target=1048576000

STARTUP PFILE='/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/pfile/pfileSGTESTB.ora' ;

创建SPFILE：
CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE='/oracle/base/admin/SGTESTB/pfile/pfileSGTESTB.ora';