Oracle安装和卸载问题收集(四)

ORA-04031：unable to allocate … byters of shared memory("shared pool","unknown object","sga heap","db_block_buffers")
问题：
DELL服务器装不上ORACLE8.1.5的问题，出现下面的错误提示是在建立数据库之前，系统先要检查内存时出现的，
ORA-04031:unable to allocate 85141440 byters of shared memory("shared pool","unknown object","sga heap","db_block_buffers")，是不是内存不够？但实际物理内存是2G?什么原因呢？
解答：
在安装时，把SGA区、JAVA池等东西的内存配小一些
ORA-01092 : Oracle instance terminated disconnection forced错误
Problem:
Your Oracle Server database on OpenVMS crashes. The following errors are reported: Background process DBWR unexpectedly terminated with error 1092
ORA-1092 Oracle instance terminated
ORA-313 open failed for members of log group 'n' of thread 'n'
ORA-600 [3228] reported from a PL/SQL script.
Explanation:
The most significant error reported here is the ORA-313 error. This error indicates a failure to open a file which indicates a problem with OpenVMS resources. When either CHANNELCNT and/or FILLM are too small, these errors can result.
Solution:
Increase the SYSGEN parameter CHANNELCNT. This should be done by an OpenVMS system manager and requires a reboot of your OpenVMS node. For more information on SYSGEN, please review the OpenVMS documentation.
If the CHANNELCNT parameter is already large enough to allow the expected number of files to be opened, check the FILLM quota. Review two areas when you check FILLM:
1) The Oracle background processes (PMON, DBWR, LGWR etc.)
2) The SERVER side (or SHADOW) process created when you use SVRMGRL to start the database. To get an idea of the quota available, use the command: $ SHOW PROCESS /QUOTA /ID=<pid> Where <pid> is the OpenVMS pid of the process to be reviewed. This command displays the remaining 'Open file quota' (FILLM) for the process, as well as other available quotas.
Example:
You have 226 data files, eight REDO log files and three control files for a total of 237 files. The SYSGEN setting for CHANNELCNT is at the default of 256. During normal operation, Oracle periodically needs to open additional files. These include the INIT parameter files, the ALERT log, various DCL scripts, trace files, etc. Under these conditions, a CHANNELCNT value of 256 is too small to accommodate the number of files that Oracle/OpenVMS needs open at the same time.
For most systems the default quotas should be adequate.
If not, please describe the infor u've encountered
ORA-00059错误及字符集修改
问题：在DBA studio中下的例程‘数据库’自动变为已启动，无法装载也无法打开，提示‘ORA-00059？？LOG--FILES？？？？’在这种情况下如果不卸载重装解决，能有其它的办法吗？
一般来说ORA-00059多出现maximum number of DB_FILES exceeded的错误,由于你机器上的字符集设置有些问题,所以 错误提示 变成了??,(字符集设置不对照成的) 虽然看的出于问题可能和Log file有关,但不确定.请修改Oracle的字符集
[字符集修改方法]
SQL> desc props$
列名 可空值否 类型
------------------------------- -------- ----
NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
VALUE$ VARCHAR2(2000)
COMMENT$ VARCHAR2(2000)
SQL> col value$ format a40
SQL> select name,value$ from props$;
NAME VALUE$
------------------------------ -------------------------
DICT.BASE 2
NLS_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY$
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY AMERICA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS.,
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-YY
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_CHARACTERSET ZHS16GBK
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_RDBMS_VERSION 7.3.4.0.0
GLOBAL_DB_NAME ORACLE.WORLD
EXPORT_VIEWS_VERSION 3
查询到14记录.
NLS_CHARACTERSET这个参数应该是ZHS16GBK，如不是，改为它。
ORA-12203:TNS:unable to connect destination错误
问题：
在Windows2000下安装8.0.5，选择none，没有建立实例，为什么在执行svrmgr30 时报告Ora-12203:tns:unable to connect destination!
解答：
因为没有创建实例，也就没有环境变量。可参考“手工创建数据库的全部脚本和说明”。
注意其中：
set ORACLE_SID=test
D:/Oracle/Ora81/bin/oradim -new -sid test -startmode manual -pfile "D:/Oracle/admin/test/pfile/inittest.ora"
Ora-12571：TNS：包写入程序失败

把虚拟内存设的大一些
Ora-12705错误
Cause: There are two possible causes: Either an attempt was made to issue an ALTER SESSION statement with an invalid NLS parameter or value; or the NLS_LANG environment variable contains an invalid language, territory, or character set.
Action: Check the syntax of the ALTER SESSION command and the NLS parameter, correct the syntax and retry the statement, or specify correct values in the NLS_LANG environment variable. For more information about the syntax of the ALTER SESSION command, see Oracle8i SQL Reference.
ORA-03113：通信通道的文件结束
Cause:
An unexpected end-of-file was processed on the communication channel. The problem could not be handled by the SQL*Net, two task, software. This message could occur if the shadow two-task process associated with a SQL*Net connect has terminated abnormally, or if there is a physical failure of the interprocess communication vehicle, that is, the network or server machine went down.
Action:
If this message occurs during a connection attempt, check the setup files for the appropriate SQL*net driver and confirm SQL*Net software is correctly installed on the server. If the message occurs after a connection is well established, and the error is not due to a physical failure, check if a trace file was generated on the server at failure time. Existence of a trace file may suggest an Oracle internal error that requires the assistance of customer support.
Explanation:
There are numerous causes of this error. It is a 'catch all' type error which means 'I cannot communicate with the Oracle shadow process'. This usually occurs when the Oracle server process has died for some reason.
ORA-12515：TNS：监听进程无法找到该演示文稿的句柄
解决方案是检查目标服务器网络配置，并使其接受HTTP的协议。如果你是使用一般数据使用，建议使用新的数据库实例。
ORA-01031：insufficient privileges
Cause: An attempt was made to change the current username or password without the appropriate privilege. This error also occurs if attempting to install a database without the necessary operating system privileges. When Trusted Oracle is configure in DBMS MAC, this error may occur if the user was granted the necessary privilege at a higher label than the current login.
Action: Ask the database administrator to perform the operation or grant the required privileges. For Trusted Oracle users getting this error although granted the appropriate privilege at a higher label, ask the database administrator to regrant the privilege at the appropriate label.
ORA-01017：invalid username/password; logon denied
Cause: An invalid username or password was entered in an attempt to log on to Oracle. The username and password must be the same as was specified in a GRANT CONNECT statement. If the username and password are entered together, the format is: username/password.
Action: Enter a valid username and password combination in the correct format.
问题：ORACLE8.1.7.0.0版本，，不知是哪里的问题，用internal 和 system 都无法登陆，错误提示：ORA1031 、ORA1017
解答：还有没有其他DBA身份的用户，如果有，最好登陆进去，然后alter user system identified by YOURPASSWORD; 你的系统密码被人修改了
ORA-03121：没连接接口驱动程序
Cause: This message occurs usually because the Net8 driver is not loaded into memory or there is a mismatch of the version of the driver. A user program linked with an obsolete library may also cause this message. Only programs provided by Oracle Corporation should use this interface.
Action: If the message occurred during use of a program provided by Oracle Corporation, contact Oracle Support Services. If a user program caused the message, relink the program with current versions of the Oracle libraries.
ORA-12638：凭证检索失败
问题：
2000ad server SP2 具域网，在网络连接的情况下按装ORACLE8I，到创建数据库，初始化数据库时，提示“ORA-12638 凭证检索失败”，装了几次都是这样
解答：
凭证检索失败的错误一般都与网络用户集成有关，ORACLE中对于这个问题的管理是在SQLNET.ORA文件的SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES进行控制的，默认安装都是SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)表示安装ORACLE的用户是通过操作系统的集成认证控制的，所以，我们只要把这个参数值屏蔽掉就行了。
修改/Oracle/Ora81/network/ADMIN目录下SQLNET.ORA文件的SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)为# SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 2
Cause: An error occurred while processing a recursive SQL statement (a statement applyingto internal dictionary tables).
Action: If the situation described in the next error on the stack can be corrected, do
so; otherwise contact Oracle Customer Support.
ORA-04030 out of process memory when trying to allocate string bytes (string,string)
Cause: Operating system process private memory has been exhausted.
Action: See the database administrator or operating system administrator to increase process memory quota. There may be a bug in the application that causes excessive allocations of process memory space.
ORA-04031：unable to allocate string bytes of shared memory("string","string","string","string")
Cause: More shared memory is needed than was allocated in the shared pool.
Action: If the shared pool is out of memory, either use the DBMS_SHARED_POOL package topin large packages, reduce your use of shared memory, or increase the amount ofavailable shared memory by increasing the value of the initialization parametersSHARED_POOL_RESERVED_SIZE and SHARED_POOL_SIZE. If the large pool is out of memory,increase the initialization parameter LARGE_POOL_SIZE.
ORA-01555：snapshot too old: rollback segment number 9 with name "USER_RS5" too small
问题：一个存储过程执行的数据大概有100万条，在执行到几十万条的时候，遇到了如上异常。
解答：原因有两个方面：
1、由于你的这个操作执行的时间太长，导致SNAP SHOT失效（太老了），导致你的操作失败；
2、你的RBS太小，无法容纳那么多的操作。
处理方法：
1、加大回滚段的大小（增加RBS表空间，修改回滚段的参数等）
2、你这种编程方法有问题，如果第一个方法不能解决问题，说明是因为执行时间过长，SNAPSHOT失效，需要你调整一下程序。是不是先把100万记录读到内存里（内存不够，可以采用文件作为缓冲），然后再做处理。也可以采用分段处理的方法，一次处理10万条。
ORA-01589：must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
问题：在startup 之后出现错误提示
解答：
Cause: Either incomplete or backup control file recovery has been performed. After these types of recovery you must specify either the RESETLOGS option or the NORESETLOGS option to open your database.
Action: Specify the appropriate option.
你的数据库以前做过Media Recovery，用OPEN DATABASE RESETLOGS或OPEN DATABASE NORESETLOGS打开数据库就可以了。
ORA-01017：invalid username/password; logon denied
Cause: An invalid username or password was entered in an attempt to log on to Oracle. The username and password must be the same as was specified in a GRANT CONNECT statement. If the username and password are entered together, the format is: username/password.
Action: Enter a valid username and password combination in the correct format.
缺省密码
8i：
scott/tiger
internal/change_on_install
system/manager
sys/oralce(密码也可能是manager或change_on_install)
9i：
scott/tiger
sys/change_on_install
OEM的用户名/密码：sysman/oem_temp
重设system用户的密码
可以通过以下方法登陆
sqlplus /nolog
conn / as sysdba
alter user system identifed by '123'
Oracle的密码文件
8i一般位于$ORACLE_HOME/PRODUCT/8.1.6/DBS/ORAPWD_[SID].ORA
如何激活用户
8i：在DBA Studio里面，有“用户”--然后找到用户名--->然后选中“未锁定”就可以了
Oracle的初始化文件
8i：安装时设定的ORACLEHOME的目录下会有：admin、oradata和ora81三个目录，其中在admin目录下的你安装的数据库目录下的Prfile下的init.ora就是。
9i：在原来的目录下看不到init文件了。不过你可以这样：
create pfile from spfile;
这样就可以看到init的文件了，因为9i里面的初始化文件有点变化。
Oracle 数据库自带数据的生成脚本
/ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/SCOTT.SQL