如何管理以编程方式在 Windows NT 中的用户权限(C 语言)

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管理用户权限可以实现以编程方式使用下列步骤：

打开与 LsaOpenPolicy() 的目标计算机上的策略。 要授予的权限，打开 POLICY_CREATE_ACCOUNT 和 POLICY_LOOKUP_NAMES 访问策略。 若要吊销权限，打开 POLICY_LOOKUP_NAMES 访问策略。

获取一个 SID （安全标识符），表示用户 / 组感兴趣。 LookupAccountName() 和 LsaLookupNames() API 可以从一个帐户名获取 SID。

调用 LsaAddAccountRights() 向由提供的 SID 的用户授予特权。

调用 LsaRemoveAccountRights() 撤消由提供的 SID 的用户权限。

关闭该策略与 LsaClose()。

要成功授予和吊销权限，调用方需要是目标系统上的管理员。

LSA API LsaEnumerateAccountRights() 可确定已授予的权限的帐户。

LSA API LsaEnumerateAccountsWithUserRight() 可确定哪些帐户已被授予指定的权限。

MSTOOLS\SECURITY 目录中 Windows 32 SDK 中提供的这些 LSA API 的文档和头文件。

在 Win32 SDK 的最新版本中, 邮件头显示在 mstools\samples\win32\winnt\security\include 目录中且文档处于正在 \security\lsasamp\lsaapi.hlp。

注意： 这些 LSA API 是当前实现以 Unicode 格式仅。

本示例将授予特权 SeServiceLogonRight 为 argv [1] 上指定的帐户。

此示例是依赖于这些导入库
advapi32.lib （对于 LsaXxx)

user32.lib （对于 wsprintf)
本示例将工作正确编译 ANSI 或 Unicode。


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示例代码

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[code]/*++
You can use domain\account as argv[1]. For instance, mydomain\scott will
grant the privilege to the mydomain domain account scott.
The optional target machine is specified as argv[2], otherwise, the
account database is updated on the local machine.
The LSA APIs used by this sample are Unicode only.
Use LsaRemoveAccountRights() to remove account rights.
Scott Field (sfield)    12-Jul-95
--*/
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif // UNICODE
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "ntsecapi.h"
NTSTATUS
OpenPolicy(
LPWSTR ServerName,          // machine to open policy on (Unicode)
DWORD DesiredAccess,        // desired access to policy
PLSA_HANDLE PolicyHandle    // resultant policy handle
);
BOOL
GetAccountSid(
LPTSTR SystemName,          // where to lookup account
LPTSTR AccountName,         // account of interest
PSID *Sid                   // resultant buffer containing SID
);
NTSTATUS
SetPrivilegeOnAccount(
LSA_HANDLE PolicyHandle,    // open policy handle
PSID AccountSid,            // SID to grant privilege to
LPWSTR PrivilegeName,       // privilege to grant (Unicode)
BOOL bEnable                // enable or disable
);
void
InitLsaString(
PLSA_UNICODE_STRING LsaString, // destination
LPWSTR String                  // source (Unicode)
);
void
DisplayNtStatus(
LPSTR szAPI,                // pointer to function name (ANSI)
NTSTATUS Status             // NTSTATUS error value
);
void
DisplayWinError(
LPSTR szAPI,                // pointer to function name (ANSI)
DWORD WinError              // DWORD WinError
);
#define RTN_OK 0
#define RTN_USAGE 1
#define RTN_ERROR 13
//
// If you have the ddk, include ntstatus.h.
//
#ifndef STATUS_SUCCESS
#define STATUS_SUCCESS  ((NTSTATUS)0x00000000L)
#endif
int _cdecl
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
LSA_HANDLE PolicyHandle;
WCHAR wComputerName[256]=L"";   // static machine name buffer
TCHAR AccountName[256];         // static account name buffer
PSID pSid;
NTSTATUS Status;
int iRetVal=RTN_ERROR;          // assume error from main
if(argc == 1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s <Account> [TargetMachine]\n",
argv[0]);
return RTN_USAGE;
}
//
// Pick up account name on argv[1].
// Assumes source is ANSI. Resultant string is ANSI or Unicode
//
wsprintf(AccountName, TEXT("%hS"), argv[1]);
//
// Pick up machine name on argv[2], if appropriate
// assumes source is ANSI. Resultant string is Unicode.
//
if(argc == 3) wsprintfW(wComputerName, L"%hS", argv[2]);
//
// Open the policy on the target machine.
//
if((Status=OpenPolicy(
wComputerName,      // target machine
POLICY_CREATE_ACCOUNT | POLICY_LOOKUP_NAMES,
&PolicyHandle       // resultant policy handle
)) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
DisplayNtStatus("OpenPolicy", Status);
return RTN_ERROR;
}
//
// Obtain the SID of the user/group.
// Note that we could target a specific machine, but we don't.
// Specifying NULL for target machine searches for the SID in the
// following order: well-known, Built-in and local, primary domain,
// trusted domains.
//
if(GetAccountSid(
NULL,       // default lookup logic
AccountName,// account to obtain SID
&pSid       // buffer to allocate to contain resultant SID
)) {
//
// We only grant the privilege if we succeeded in obtaining the
// SID. We can actually add SIDs which cannot be looked up, but
// looking up the SID is a good sanity check which is suitable for
// most cases.
//
// Grant the SeServiceLogonRight to users represented by pSid.
//
if((Status=SetPrivilegeOnAccount(
PolicyHandle,           // policy handle
pSid,                   // SID to grant privilege
L"SeServiceLogonRight", // Unicode privilege
TRUE                    // enable the privilege
)) == STATUS_SUCCESS)
iRetVal=RTN_OK;
else
DisplayNtStatus("AddUserRightToAccount", Status);
}
else {
//
// Error obtaining SID.
//
DisplayWinError("GetAccountSid", GetLastError());
}
//
// Close the policy handle.
//
LsaClose(PolicyHandle);
//
// Free memory allocated for SID.
//
if(pSid != NULL) HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, pSid);
return iRetVal;
}
void
InitLsaString(
PLSA_UNICODE_STRING LsaString,
LPWSTR String
)
{
DWORD StringLength;
if (String == NULL) {
LsaString->Buffer = NULL;
LsaString->Length = 0;
LsaString->MaximumLength = 0;
return;
}
StringLength = wcslen(String);
LsaString->Buffer = String;
LsaString->Length = (USHORT) StringLength * sizeof(WCHAR);
LsaString->MaximumLength=(USHORT)(StringLength+1) * sizeof(WCHAR);
}
NTSTATUS
OpenPolicy(
LPWSTR ServerName,
DWORD DesiredAccess,
PLSA_HANDLE PolicyHandle
)
{
LSA_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes;
LSA_UNICODE_STRING ServerString;
PLSA_UNICODE_STRING Server = NULL;
//
// Always initialize the object attributes to all zeroes.
//
ZeroMemory(&ObjectAttributes, sizeof(ObjectAttributes));
if (ServerName != NULL) {
//
// Make a LSA_UNICODE_STRING out of the LPWSTR passed in
//
InitLsaString(&ServerString, ServerName);
Server = &ServerString;
}
//
// Attempt to open the policy.
//
return LsaOpenPolicy(
Server,
&ObjectAttributes,
DesiredAccess,
PolicyHandle
);
}
/*++
This function attempts to obtain a SID representing the supplied
account on the supplied system.
If the function succeeds, the return value is TRUE. A buffer is
allocated which contains the SID representing the supplied account.
This buffer should be freed when it is no longer needed by calling
HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, buffer)
If the function fails, the return value is FALSE. Call GetLastError()
to obtain extended error information.
Scott Field (sfield)    12-Jul-95
--*/
BOOL
GetAccountSid(
LPTSTR SystemName,
LPTSTR AccountName,
PSID *Sid
)
{
LPTSTR ReferencedDomain=NULL;
DWORD cbSid=128;    // initial allocation attempt
DWORD cchReferencedDomain=16; // initial allocation size
SID_NAME_USE peUse;
BOOL bSuccess=FALSE; // assume this function will fail
__try {
//
// initial memory allocations
//
if((*Sid=HeapAlloc(
GetProcessHeap(),
0,
cbSid
)) == NULL) __leave;
if((ReferencedDomain=(LPTSTR)HeapAlloc(
GetProcessHeap(),
0,
cchReferencedDomain * sizeof(TCHAR)
)) == NULL) __leave;
//
// Obtain the SID of the specified account on the specified system.
//
while(!LookupAccountName(
SystemName,         // machine to lookup account on
AccountName,        // account to lookup
*Sid,               // SID of interest
&cbSid,             // size of SID
ReferencedDomain,   // domain account was found on
&cchReferencedDomain,
&peUse
)) {
if (GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
//
// reallocate memory
//
if((*Sid=HeapReAlloc(
GetProcessHeap(),
0,
*Sid,
cbSid
)) == NULL) __leave;
if((ReferencedDomain=(LPTSTR)HeapReAlloc(
GetProcessHeap(),
0,
ReferencedDomain,
cchReferencedDomain * sizeof(TCHAR)
)) == NULL) __leave;
}
else __leave;
}
//
// Indicate success.
//
bSuccess=TRUE;
} // finally
__finally {
//
// Cleanup and indicate failure, if appropriate.
//
HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, ReferencedDomain);
if(!bSuccess) {
if(*Sid != NULL) {
HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, *Sid);
*Sid = NULL;
}
}
} // finally
return bSuccess;
}
NTSTATUS
SetPrivilegeOnAccount(
LSA_HANDLE PolicyHandle,    // open policy handle
PSID AccountSid,            // SID to grant privilege to
LPWSTR PrivilegeName,       // privilege to grant (Unicode)
BOOL bEnable                // enable or disable
)
{
LSA_UNICODE_STRING PrivilegeString;
//
// Create a LSA_UNICODE_STRING for the privilege name.
//
InitLsaString(&PrivilegeString, PrivilegeName);
//
// grant or revoke the privilege, accordingly
//
if(bEnable) {
return LsaAddAccountRights(
PolicyHandle,       // open policy handle
AccountSid,         // target SID
&PrivilegeString,   // privileges
1                   // privilege count
);
}
else {
return LsaRemoveAccountRights(
PolicyHandle,       // open policy handle
AccountSid,         // target SID
FALSE,              // do not disable all rights
&PrivilegeString,   // privileges
1                   // privilege count
);
}
}
void
DisplayNtStatus(
LPSTR szAPI,
NTSTATUS Status
)
{
//
// Convert the NTSTATUS to Winerror. Then call DisplayWinError().
//
DisplayWinError(szAPI, LsaNtStatusToWinError(Status));
}
void
DisplayWinError(
LPSTR szAPI,
DWORD WinError
)
{
LPSTR MessageBuffer;
DWORD dwBufferLength;
//
// TODO: Get this fprintf out of here!
//
fprintf(stderr,"%s error!\n", szAPI);
if(dwBufferLength=FormatMessageA(
FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
NULL,
WinError,
GetUserDefaultLangID(),
(LPSTR) &MessageBuffer,
0,
NULL
))
{
DWORD dwBytesWritten; // unused
//
// Output message string on stderr.
//
WriteFile(
GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE),
MessageBuffer,
dwBufferLength,
&dwBytesWritten,
NULL
);
//
// Free the buffer allocated by the system.
//
LocalFree(MessageBuffer);
}
}

[/code]

[code]/*++
This function enables system access on the account represented by the
supplied SID. An example of such access is the SeLogonServiceRight.
Note: to disable a given system access, simply remove the supplied
access flag from the existing flag, and apply the result to the
account.
If the function succeeds, the return value is STATUS_SUCCESS.
If the function fails, the return value is an NTSTATUS value.
Scott Field (sfield)    14-Jul-95
--*/
NTSTATUS
AddSystemAccessToAccount(
LSA_HANDLE PolicyHandle,
PSID AccountSid,
ULONG NewAccess
)
{
LSA_HANDLE AccountHandle;
ULONG PreviousAccess;
NTSTATUS Status;
//
// open the account object. If it doesn't exist, create a new one
//
if((Status=LsaOpenAccount(
PolicyHandle,
AccountSid,
ACCOUNT_ADJUST_SYSTEM_ACCESS | ACCOUNT_VIEW,
&AccountHandle
)) == STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND)
{
Status=LsaCreateAccount(
PolicyHandle,
AccountSid,
ACCOUNT_ADJUST_SYSTEM_ACCESS | ACCOUNT_VIEW,
&AccountHandle
);
}
//
// if an error occurred opening or creating, return
//
if(Status != STATUS_SUCCESS) return Status;
//
// obtain current system access flags
//
if((Status=LsaGetSystemAccessAccount(
AccountHandle,
&PreviousAccess
)) == STATUS_SUCCESS)
{
//
// Add the specified access to the account
//
Status=LsaSetSystemAccessAccount(
AccountHandle,
PreviousAccess | NewAccess
);
}
LsaClose(AccountHandle);
return Status;
}
/*++
This function grants a privilege to the account represented by the
supplied SID. An example of such a privilege is the
SeBackupPrivilege.
Note: To revoke a privilege, use LsaRemovePrivilegesFromAccount.
If the function succeeds, the return value is STATUS_SUCCESS.
If the function fails, the return value is an NTSTATUS value.
Scott Field (sfield)    13-Jul-95
--*/
NTSTATUS
AddPrivilegeToAccount(
LSA_HANDLE PolicyHandle,
PSID AccountSid,
LPWSTR PrivilegeName
)
{
PRIVILEGE_SET ps;
LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES luidattr;
LSA_HANDLE AccountHandle;
LSA_UNICODE_STRING PrivilegeString;
NTSTATUS Status;
//
// Create a LSA_UNICODE_STRING for the privilege name
//
InitLsaString(&PrivilegeString, PrivilegeName);
//
// obtain the LUID of the supplied privilege
//
if((Status=LsaLookupPrivilegeValue(
PolicyHandle,
&PrivilegeString,
&luidattr.Luid
)) != STATUS_SUCCESS) return Status;
//
// setup PRIVILEGE_SET
//
luidattr.Attributes=0;
ps.PrivilegeCount=1;
ps.Control=0;
ps.Privilege[0]=luidattr;
//
// open the account object if it doesn't exist, create a new one
//
if((Status=LsaOpenAccount(
PolicyHandle,
AccountSid,
ACCOUNT_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES,
&AccountHandle
)) == STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND)
{
Status=LsaCreateAccount(
PolicyHandle,
AccountSid,
ACCOUNT_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES,
&AccountHandle
);
}
//
// if an error occurred opening or creating, return
//
if(Status != STATUS_SUCCESS) return Status;
//
// add the privileges to the account
//
Status=LsaAddPrivilegesToAccount(
AccountHandle,
&ps
);
LsaClose(AccountHandle);
return Status;
}

转自：http://support.microsoft.com/kb/132958/zh-cn