ORACLE中的异常处理

1、ORALCE自带一些命名的系统异常，如下：

Oracle Exception Name	Oracle Error	Explanation	中文注释
DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX	ORA-00001	You tried to execute an INSERT or UPDATE statement that has created a duplicate value in a field restricted by a unique index.	插入或者更新语句，与唯一索引相冲突。
TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE	ORA-00051	You were waiting for a resource and you timed out.	等待资源超时
TRANSACTION_BACKED_OUT	ORA-00061	The remote portion of a transaction has rolled back.	远程交易的部份交易已经回滚
INVALID_CURSOR	ORA-01001	You tried to reference a cursor that does not yet exist. This may have happened because you've executed a FETCH cursor or CLOSE cursor before OPENing the cursor.	引用一个不存在的游标，如FETCH或者是CLOSE在其OPEN之前等。
NOT_LOGGED_ON	ORA-01012	You tried to execute a call to Oracle before logging in.	在登陆ORACLE之前执行调用错误
LOGIN_DENIED	ORA-01017	You tried to log into Oracle with an invalid username/password combination.	登陆时用户名或者密码非法。
NO_DATA_FOUND	ORA-01403	You tried one of the following: 1. You executed a SELECT INTO statement and no rows were returned. 2. You referenced an uninitialized row in a table. 3. You read past the end of file with the UTL_FILE package.	执行查询无数据、引用一个末初使化的表、通过UTL_FILE包调用到尾的文件
TOO_MANY_ROWS	ORA-01422	You tried to execute a SELECT INTO statement and more than one row was returned.	采用SELECT INTO语句，但返回的记录超过了1条
ZERO_DIVIDE	ORA-01476	You tried to divide a number by zero.	0为除数
INVALID_NUMBER	ORA-01722	You tried to execute an SQL statement that tried to convert a string to a number, but it was unsuccessful.	将字符串转换成数字，但是转换失败
STORAGE_ERROR	ORA-06500	You ran out of memory or memory was corrupted.	内存不足
PROGRAM_ERROR	ORA-06501	This is a generic "Contact Oracle support" message because an internal problem was encountered.	系统自身程序错误
VALUE_ERROR	ORA-06502	You tried to perform an operation and there was a error on a conversion, truncation, or invalid constraining of numeric or character data.	在执行转换、截断、非法转换数据到文本出错
CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN	ORA-06511	You tried to open a cursor that is already open.	打开一个已经打开的游标

2、也可以采用自定义的异常的名字：

declare

myexception exception;

begin

if 1<>2 then

raise myexception;

end if;

exception

when myexception then

/*注：raise_application_error的语法为raise_application_error(erorcd in int,erortx in varchar 2)，其中erorcd的值为20001到20999*/

raise_application_error(20001,'my exception happens');

when others then

raise_application_error(-20001,'An error was encountered - '||SQLCODE||' -ERROR- '||SQLERRM);

end

3、存储过程可能要涉及到层层调用，因此在每一次都需要写异常处理，这让程序会更健壮。

本文出自：冯立彬的博客