维护Sql Server中表的索引等常用命令

--select left('claro',2) 整理与西安 2009-02-09 23:18:19.640
--Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.3042.00
-- (Intel X86) Feb 9 2007 22:47:07 Copyright (c) 1988-2005
-- Microsoft Corporation Express Edition on Windows NT 5.1 (Build 2600: Service Pack 3)

--维护Sql Server中表的索引

--第一步：查看是否需要维护，查看扫描密度/Scan Density是否为100%
　　declare @table_id int
　　set @table_id=object_id('表名')
　　dbcc showcontig(@table_id)
/*--example:
select * from sys.objects where type='U'
dbcc showcontig(chktab)
--
--DBCC SHOWCONTIG scanning 'chktab' table...
--Table: 'chktab' (1195151303); index ID: 0, database ID: 1
--TABLE level scan performed.
--- Pages Scanned................................: 2
--- Extents Scanned..............................: 2
--- Extent Switches..............................: 1
--- Avg. Pages per Extent........................: 1.0
--- Scan Density [Best Count:Actual Count].......: 50.00% [1:2]
--- Extent Scan Fragmentation ...................: 50.00%
--- Avg. Bytes Free per Page.....................: 8073.5
--- Avg. Page Density (full).....................: 0.25%
--DBCC execution completed. If DBCC printed error messages, contact your system administrator.
*/

--第二步:重构表索引
　　dbcc dbreindex('表名',pk_索引名,100)
/*--example:
dbcc dbreindex ('chktab',pk_index,100)
*/
　　--重做第一步，如发现扫描密度/Scan Density还是小于100%则重构表的所有索引
　　--杨铮：并不一定能达100%。
　　dbcc dbreindex('表名','',100)
/*--example:
dbcc dbreindex ('chktab','',100)
*/

--SQL Server常用管理命令

--1. 查看数据库的版本
select @@version
/*
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.3042.00
(Intel X86) Feb 9 2007 22:47:07 Copyright (c) 1988-2005
Microsoft Corporation Express Edition on Windows NT 5.1 (Build 2600: Service Pack 3)
*/

--2. 查看数据库所在机器操作系统参数
exec master..xp_msver
/*
Index Name Internal_Value Character_Value
1 ProductName NULL Microsoft SQL Server
2 ProductVersion 589824 9.00.3042.00
3 Language 1033 英语(美国)
4 Platform NULL NT INTEL X86
5 Comments NULL NT INTEL X86
6 CompanyName NULL Microsoft Corporation
7 FileDescription NULL SQL Server Windows NT
8 FileVersion NULL 2005.090.3042.00
9 InternalName NULL SQLSERVR
10 LegalCopyright NULL © Microsoft Corp. All rights reserved.
11 LegalTrademarks NULL Microsoft® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Windows(TM) is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation
12 OriginalFilename NULL SQLSERVR.EXE
13 PrivateBuild NULL NULL
14 SpecialBuild 199360512 NULL
15 WindowsVersion 170393861 5.1 (2600)
16 ProcessorCount 1 1
17 ProcessorActiveMask 1 00000001
18 ProcessorType 586 PROCESSOR_INTEL_PENTIUM
19 PhysicalMemory 1270 1270 (1332133888)
20 Product ID NULL NULL
*/

--3. 查看数据库启动的参数
sp_configure
/*
name minimum maximum config_value run_value
Ad Hoc Distributed Queries 0 1 1 1
affinity I/O mask -2147483648 2147483647 0 0
affinity mask -2147483648 2147483647 0 0
Agent XPs 0 1 0 0
allow updates 0 1 0 0
awe enabled 0 1 0 0
blocked process threshold 0 86400 0 0
c2 audit mode 0 1 0 0
clr enabled 0 1 0 0
cost threshold for parallelism 0 32767 5 5
cross db ownership chaining 0 1 0 0
cursor threshold -1 2147483647 -1 -1
Database Mail XPs 0 1 0 0
default full-text language 0 2147483647 1033 1033
default language 0 9999 0 0
default trace enabled 0 1 1 1
disallow results from triggers 0 1 0 0
fill factor (%) 0 100 0 0
ft crawl bandwidth (max) 0 32767 100 100
ft crawl bandwidth (min) 0 32767 0 0
ft notify bandwidth (max) 0 32767 100 100
ft notify bandwidth (min) 0 32767 0 0
index create memory (KB) 704 2147483647 0 0
in-doubt xact resolution 0 2 0 0
lightweight pooling 0 1 0 0
locks 5000 2147483647 0 0
max degree of parallelism 0 64 0 0
max full-text crawl range 0 256 4 4
max server memory (MB) 16 2147483647 2147483647 2147483647
max text repl size (B) 0 2147483647 65536 65536
max worker threads 128 32767 0 0
media retention 0 365 0 0
min memory per query (KB) 512 2147483647 1024 1024
min server memory (MB) 0 2147483647 0 8
nested triggers 0 1 1 1
network packet size (B) 512 32767 4096 4096
Ole Automation Procedures 0 1 0 0
open objects 0 2147483647 0 0
PH timeout (s) 1 3600 60 60
precompute rank 0 1 0 0
priority boost 0 1 0 0
query governor cost limit 0 2147483647 0 0
query wait (s) -1 2147483647 -1 -1
recovery interval (min) 0 32767 0 0
remote access 0 1 1 1
remote admin connections 0 1 0 0
remote login timeout (s) 0 2147483647 20 20
remote proc trans 0 1 0 0
remote query timeout (s) 0 2147483647 600 600
Replication XPs 0 1 0 0
scan for startup procs 0 1 0 0
server trigger recursion 0 1 1 1
set working set size 0 1 0 0
show advanced options 0 1 1 1
SMO and DMO XPs 0 1 1 1
SQL Mail XPs 0 1 0 0
transform noise words 0 1 0 0
two digit year cutoff 1753 9999 2049 2049
user connections 0 32767 0 0
user instance timeout 5 65535 60 60
user instances enabled 0 1 1 1
user options 0 32767 0 0
Web Assistant Procedures 0 1 0 0
xp_cmdshell 0 1 0 0
*/

--4. 查看数据库启动时间
select convert(varchar(30),login_time,120) from master..sysprocesses where spid=1
/*
2009-02-09 18:25:10
*/

--5. 查看数据库服务器名和实例名
print 'Server Name...............：' + convert(varchar(30),@@SERVERNAME)
--Server Name...............：CLARO/SQLEXPRESS
print 'Instance..................：' + convert(varchar(30),@@SERVICENAME)
--Instance..................：SQLEXPRESS

--6. 查看所有数据库名称及大小
sp_helpdb
/*
name db_size owner dbid created status compatibility_level
master 5.25 MB sa 1 Apr 8 2003 Status=ONLINE, Updateability=READ_WRITE, UserAccess=MULTI_USER, Recovery=SIMPLE, Version=611, Collation=Chinese_PRC_CI_AS, SQLSortOrder=0, IsAutoCreateStatistics, IsAutoUpdateStatistics 90
model 2.94 MB sa 3 Apr 8 2003 Status=ONLINE, Updateability=READ_WRITE, UserAccess=MULTI_USER, Recovery=SIMPLE, Version=611, Collation=Chinese_PRC_CI_AS, SQLSortOrder=0, IsAutoCreateStatistics, IsAutoUpdateStatistics 90
msdb 7.44 MB sa 4 Oct 14 2005 Status=ONLINE, Updateability=READ_WRITE, UserAccess=MULTI_USER, Recovery=SIMPLE, Version=611, Collation=Chinese_PRC_CI_AS, SQLSortOrder=0, IsAutoCreateStatistics, IsAutoUpdateStatistics, IsFullTextEnabled 90
tempdb 2.69 MB sa 2 Feb 9 2009 Status=ONLINE, Updateability=READ_WRITE, UserAccess=MULTI_USER, Recovery=SIMPLE, Version=611, Collation=Chinese_PRC_CI_AS, SQLSortOrder=0, IsAutoCreateStatistics, IsAutoUpdateStatistics 90
testdb 4.00 MB sa 5 Nov 12 2008 Status=ONLINE, Updateability=READ_WRITE, UserAccess=MULTI_USER, Recovery=SIMPLE, Version=611, Collation=Chinese_PRC_CI_AS, SQLSortOrder=0, IsAutoCreateStatistics, IsAutoUpdateStatistics, IsFullTextEnabled 90
*/

--7. 重命名数据库SQL
sp_renamedb 'old_dbname', 'new_dbname'

--8. 查看所有数据库用户登录信息
sp_helplogins

--9. 查看所有数据库用户所属的角色信息
sp_helpsrvrolemember
/*
ServerRole MemberName MemberSID
sysadmin sa 0x01
sysadmin BUILTIN/Administrators 0x01020000000000052000000020020000
sysadmin NT AUTHORITY/SYSTEM 0x010100000000000512000000
sysadmin CLARO/SQLServer2005MSSQLUser$CLARO$SQLEXPRESS 0x010500000000000515000000A1F40462507B9E5F07E53B2BF3030000
*/

--10. 修复迁移服务器时孤立用户时,可以用的fix_orphan_user脚本或者LoneUser过程
--更改某个数据对象的用户属主
sp_changeobjectowner [@objectname =] 'object', [@newowner =] 'owner'
--注意：更改对象名的任一部分都可能破坏脚本和存储过程。
--把一台服务器上的数据库用户登录信息备份出来可以用add_login_to_aserver脚本

--11. 查看某数据库下,对象级用户权限
sp_helprotect
/*
(1664 row(s) affected)
*/

--12. 查看链接服务器
sp_helplinkedsrvlogin
/*
Linked Server Local Login Is Self Mapping Remote Login
CLARO/SQLEXPRESS NULL 1 NULL
*/

--13. 查看远端数据库用户登录信息
sp_helpremotelogin
/*
Msg 15200, Level 16, State 1, Procedure sp_helpremotelogin, Line 14
There are no remote servers defined.
*/

--14. 查看某数据库下某个数据对象的大小
sp_spaceused @objname
--还可以用sp_toptables过程看最大的N(默认为50)个表

--15. 查看某数据库下某个数据对象的索引信息
sp_helpindex @objname
--还可以用SP_NChelpindex过程查看更详细的索引情况
--SP_NChelpindex @objname
--clustered索引是把记录按物理顺序排列的，索引占的空间比较少。
--对键值DML操作十分频繁的表我建议用非clustered索引和约束，fillfactor参数都用默认值。
　　
--16. 查看某数据库下某个数据对象的的约束信息
sp_helpconstraint @objname

--17. 查看数据库里所有的存储过程和函数
use @database_name
sp_stored_procedures

--18. 查看存储过程和函数的源代码
sp_helptext '@procedure_name'
/*--example:
sp_helptext 'sp_MScleanupmergepublisher'
--create procedure dbo.sp_MScleanupmergepublisher
--as
-- exec sys.sp_MScleanupmergepublisher_internal
*/

--19. 查看包含某个字符串@str的数据对象名称
select distinct object_name(id) from syscomments where text like '%@str%'
--创建加密的存储过程或函数在AS前面加WITH ENCRYPTION参数
--解密加密过的存储过程和函数可以用sp_decrypt过程

--20. 查看数据库里用户和进程的信息
sp_who

--21. 查看SQL Server数据库里的活动用户和进程的信息
sp_who 'active'

--22. 查看SQL Server数据库里的锁的情况
sp_lock
--进程号(1--50)是SQL Server系统内部用的,进程号大于50的才是用户的连接进程.
--spid是进程编号,dbid是数据库编号,objid是数据对象编号

--23. 查看进程正在执行的SQL语句 /?
dbcc inputbuffer ()
推荐大家用经过改进后的sp_who3过程可以直接看到进程运行的SQL语句
sp_who5

--24. 检查死锁用sp_who_lock过程 /?
sp_who_lock

--25. 查看和收缩数据库文件的方法
--查看所有数据库文件大小
dbcc sqlperf(logspace)
/*
Database Name Log Size (MB) Log Space Used (%) Status
master 1.242188 44.33962 0
tempdb 1.492188 62.04189 0
model 0.7421875 43.15789 0
msdb 1.992188 40.78431 0
testdb 0.9921875 41.53543 0
*/

--如果某些文件较大，收缩简单恢复模式数据库文章，收缩后@database_name_log的大小单位为M
--backup log @database_name with no_log
--dbcc shrinkfile (@database_name_log, 5)

--26. 分析SQL Server SQL 语句的方法：
set statistics time {on | off}
set statistics io {on | off}
--图形方式显示查询执行计划
--在查询分析器->查询->显示估计的评估计划(D)-Ctrl-L 或者点击工具栏里的图形
--文本方式显示查询执行计划
set showplan_all {on | off}
set showplan_text { on | off }
set statistics profile { on | off }