利用Java编写简单的WebService实例

使用Axis编写WebService比较简单，就我的理解，WebService的实现代码和编写Java代码其实没有什么区别，主要是将哪些Java类发布为WebService。下面是一个从编写测试例子到发布WebService，以及编写测试代码的过程介绍。

本例子的WebService提供了两个方法，分别是sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，第一个只是返回一个"Hello"字符串，没有参数，第二个函数接受一个字符串作为参数，返回"Hello 参数值"，该例子比较简单，但是清楚的说明了从编写代码到发布为WebService以及测试编写好的WebService全过程。

编写服务代码

服务代码提供了两个函数，分别为sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，源代码如下：

package com.sinosoft.webservice;

发布WebService

要将上边写的HelloService类发布为WebService，需要先搭建Web应用。下面是在Tomcat下使用Axis创建WebService服务的例子。

在Tomcat下创建Web应用

在该例子中，在Tomcat下创建了一个context path为ws的WEB应用。

1. 在Tomcat的webapps下创建如下文件系统

ws

WEB-INF

lib

classes

2. 在WEB-INF文件夹下创建web.xml文件，该文件的内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web

Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">

<web-app>

<display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name>

<listener>

<listener-class>org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisHTTPSessionListener</listener-class>

</listener>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>

<display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name>

<servlet-class>

org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet

</servlet-class>

</servlet>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>

<display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name>

<servlet-class>

org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet

</servlet-class>

<load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>

<display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name>

<servlet-class>

org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService

</servlet-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name>

<param-value>5001</param-value>

</init-param>

<load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<!-- uncomment this if you want the admin servlet -->

<!--

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/servlet/AdminServlet</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

-->

<session-config>

<!-- Default to 5 minute session timeouts -->

<session-timeout>5</session-timeout>

</session-config>

<!-- currently the W3C havent settled on a media type for WSDL;
http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-wsdl12-20030303/#ietf-draft
for now we go with the basic 'it's XML' response -->

<mime-mapping>

<extension>wsdl</extension>

<mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>

</mime-mapping>

<mime-mapping>

<extension>xsd</extension>

<mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>

</mime-mapping>

<welcome-file-list id="WelcomeFileList">

<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>

<welcome-file>index.jws</welcome-file>

</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

在上面的web.xml中主要是配置了axis的相关配置。

axis的相关配置

在上述的web.xml文件中已经对axis进行了配置，但是还需要进行额外的配置。

复制axis相关的jar文件

将axis的相关jar文件复制到WEB-INF\lib文件夹下。这些文件包括：

activation.jar

axis.jar

axis-ant.jar

axis-schema.jar

commons-discovery-0.2.jar

commons-logging-1.0.4.jar

jaxrpc.jar

log4j-1.2.8.jar

mailapi.jar

saaj.jar

wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar

xmlsec-1.3.0.jar

复制WebService服务主文件

将HelloService.java编译后的class文件复制到WEB-INF\classes文件夹下，也就是说在WEB-INF\classes文件夹下的文件夹结构为：com\sinosoft\webservice，在webservice文件夹下有一个helloservice.class文件。

测试发布的Web应用

启动Tomcat服务，打开IE浏览器，访问地址http:host:port/ws/services，如果看到如下界面就说明AXIS部署成功了。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java">

<service name="HelloServices" provider="java:RPC">

<parameter name="className" value="com.sinosoft.webservice.HelloService"/>

<parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/>

</service>

</deployment>

创建发布WebService服务的批处理文件

批处理文件deploywebservice.bat内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:intf="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

<!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.3

Built on Oct 05, 2005 (05:23:37 EDT)-->

<wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse">

<wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="soapenc:string"/>

</wsdl:message>

<wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonResponse">

<wsdl:part name="sayHelloToPersonReturn" type="soapenc:string"/>

</wsdl:message>

<wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonRequest">

<wsdl:part name="name" type="soapenc:string"/>

</wsdl:message>

<wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest">

</wsdl:message>

<wsdl:portType name="HelloService">

<wsdl:operation name="sayHello">

<wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest"/>

<wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse"/>

</wsdl:operation>

<wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson" parameterOrder="name">

<wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloToPersonRequest" name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"/>

<wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloToPersonResponse" name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"/>

</wsdl:operation>

</wsdl:portType>

<wsdl:binding name="HelloServicesSoapBinding" type="impl:HelloService">

<wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>

<wsdl:operation name="sayHello">

<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/>

<wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest">

<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/>

</wsdl:input>

<wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse">

<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/>

</wsdl:output>

</wsdl:operation>

<wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson">

<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/>

<wsdl:input name="sayHelloToPersonRequest">

<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/>

</wsdl:input>

<wsdl:output name="sayHelloToPersonResponse">

<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/>

</wsdl:output>

</wsdl:operation>

</wsdl:binding>

<wsdl:service name="HelloServiceService">

<wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloServicesSoapBinding" name="HelloServices">

<wsdlsoap:address location="http://localhost:8090/ws2/services/HelloServices"/>

</wsdl:port>

</wsdl:service>

</wsdl:definitions>

用Java调用WebService实例

下面是用Java调用刚发布的WebService例子。

Code

/*

* File name: TestHelloService.java

*

* Version: v1.0

*

* Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:54:10 AM

*

* Designed by Stephen

*

* (c)Copyright 2008

*/

package test.com.sinosoft.webservice;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import javax.xml.namespace.QName;

import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;

import org.apache.axis.client.Call;

import org.apache.axis.client.Service;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

/**

* @author Stephen

*

* 测试调用WebService

*/

public class TestHelloService {

private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TestHelloService.class);

private static final String HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT = "http://localhost:8090/ws/services/HelloServices?wsdl";

public static void main(String[] args) {

TestHelloService tester = new TestHelloService();

// tester.callSayHello();

tester.callSayHelloToPerson();

}

public void callSayHello() {

try {

Service service = new Service();

Call call = (Call) service.createCall();

call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(

HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT));

call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/",

"sayHello"));

call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING);

try {

String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] {});

System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret);

return;

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

} catch (MalformedURLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (ServiceException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

log.error("call sayHello service error!");

}

public void callSayHelloToPerson() {

try {

Service service = new Service();

Call call = (Call) service.createCall();

call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(

HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT));

call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/",

"sayHelloToPerson"));

call.addParameter("name", org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING,

javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);

call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING);

try {

String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] { "Stephen" });

System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret);

return;

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

} catch (MalformedURLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (ServiceException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

log.error("call sayHello service error!");

}

}