C#中Excel文件操作方式及操作类

Excel文件的操作方式有两种：一种是使用像数据库一样操作，另一种是使用DCOM方式。
第一种方法比较简单，效率也较高，但使用起来功能少，不灵活。使用方式如下：

引入命名空间：using System.Data.OleDb;

string connString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + FileName +";Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";
OleDbConnection objConn = new OleDbConnection(connString);
OleDbCommand objCmd = new OleDbCommand();
objCmd.Connection = objConn;
objConn.Open();

//建立表结构
insertSql = @"CREATE TABLE Sheet1(column1 varchar,column2 integer)";

objCmd.CommandText = insertSql;
objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

//建立插入动作的Command
insertSql = "INSERT INTO Sheet1(" + temp + ") values('aaaa',102)";
objCmd.CommandText = insertSql;
objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

完全和对数据库的操作一样。这种操作不能对Excel文件的格式进行设置。

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第二种操作方式：

1、在引用中添加对Excel的引用

2、需要命名空间

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections;
using System.Threading;
using System.Diagnostics;

2、操作方法：

string staFile = ""; //设置要保存的Excel文件的名称
System.Windows.Forms.SaveFileDialog sfd = new System.Windows.Forms.SaveFileDialog();
sfd.FileName = "";
//sfd.CheckFileExists = true;
sfd.CheckPathExists = true;
sfd.DefaultExt = "xls";
sfd.Filter = "Excel files (*.xls)|*.xls|All files (*.*)|*.*";
sfd.InitialDirectory = "D;//";
sfd.RestoreDirectory = true;
if(sfd.ShowDialog() == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK)
staFile = sfd.FileName;
else
return false;
if(staFile.IndexOf(".xls") < 0)
staFile += ".xls";
////////////////////////////////////////////////开始操作Excel对象//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
System.Reflection.Missing oMiss = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;

Excel.ApplicationClass m_objExcel = new Excel.ApplicationClass();//生成Excel对象
m_objExcel.Visible = false;

Excel.Workbooks m_objBooks = (Excel.Workbooks)m_objExcel.Workbooks;
Excel.Workbook m_objBook = (Excel.Workbook)(m_objBooks.Add(oMiss));
Excel.Worksheet m_objSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)m_objBook.ActiveSheet;

//********************向Excel文件中写入数据********************************************
//表头
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A1",(object)"I1").MergeCells = true;//合并A1到L1的单元格
Excel.Range er = m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A1",oMiss);
er.Value2 = sName + " 在 /"" + sExamName + "/" 中的考试结果细目";
er.HorizontalAlignment = Excel.Constants.xlCenter; //设置单元格的水平对齐方式
er.VerticalAlignment = Excel.Constants.xlBottom;
er.Font.Bold = true; //设置字体
er.Font.Size = 16;
er.Font.Name = "宋体";
//考生信息
er = m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A2",oMiss);
er.Value2 = "考生信息：";
er.Font.Bold = true;
er.ColumnWidth = 11;

m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E2",(object)"F2").MergeCells = true;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"G2",(object)"H2").MergeCells = true;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E3",(object)"F3").MergeCells = true;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"G3",(object)"H3").MergeCells = true;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"B2",oMiss).Value2 = "登录帐号"; //为单元格输入文字
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"C2",oMiss).Value2 = "真实姓名";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"D2",oMiss).Value2 = "所在部门";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E2",oMiss).Value2 = "开始时间";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"G2",oMiss).Value2 = "结束时间";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"I2",oMiss).Value2 = "总成绩";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"J2",oMiss).Value2 = "考试状态";

m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"B3",oMiss).Value2 = sUsername;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"C3",oMiss).Value2 = sName;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"D3",oMiss).Value2 = sDepartment;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E3",oMiss).Value2 = sBTime;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"G3",oMiss).Value2 = sETime;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"I3",oMiss).Value2 = sScore;
if( sStatus == "1" )
sStatus = "完成";
else if( sStatus == "-1")
sStatus = "未完成";
else if(sStatus == "0")
sStatus = "未评分";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"J3",oMiss).Value2 = sStatus;

//试卷信息
er = m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A5",oMiss);
er.Value2 = "试卷信息：";
er.Font.Bold = true;

m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E5",(object)"F5").MergeCells = true;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E6",(object)"F6").MergeCells = true;

m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"B5",oMiss).Value2 = "试卷名称";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"C5",oMiss).Value2 = "试卷分数";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"D5",oMiss).Value2 = "及格分数";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E5",oMiss).Value2 = "考试时间（分钟）";

m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"B6",oMiss).Value2 = sExamName;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"C6",oMiss).Value2 = sFS;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"D6",oMiss).Value2 = sPS;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E6",oMiss).Value2 = sTime;

//试题细目
er = m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A8",oMiss);
er.Value2 = "试题细目：";
er.Font.Bold = true;

m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A9",oMiss).Value2 = "编号";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"B9",oMiss).Value2 = "题型";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"C9",oMiss).Value2 = "知识点";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"D9",oMiss).Value2 = "题目内容";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E9",oMiss).Value2 = "可选项";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"F9",oMiss).Value2 = "标准答案";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"G9",oMiss).Value2 = "试题分数";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"H9",oMiss).Value2 = "考生答案";
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"I9",oMiss).Value2 = "考生得分";

//开始对试卷中的每一试题进行输出
object oTemp = "";
int colNum = 0;
string strIndex ="";
string sAns = "",sSco = "0";
fScore = 0;

XmlNodeList TmNodes = xmlDoc.SelectNodes("//paper/tm");
int iIndex = 10;
for(int i=0; i<TmNodes.Count; i++)
{
colNum = iIndex;
oTemp = "A" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 =strIndex = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("exam_gd_tm_id").InnerText;
oTemp = "B" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("tx_name").InnerText;
oTemp = "C" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("tm_key").InnerText;
oTemp = "D" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("title").InnerText;
oTemp = "E" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("options").InnerText;
oTemp = "F" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("answers").InnerText;

oTemp = "G" + colNum.ToString();
fScore = float.Parse(TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("score").InnerText == "" ? "0":TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("score").InnerText);
fScore *= fRate;
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = fScore.ToString("#,##0.00;(#,##0.00);0");

//考生答案及得分
getUserData(strIndex,ref sAns,ref sSco);
oTemp = "H" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = sAns;
oTemp = "I" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = sSco;

iIndex ++;

//子题
if(TmNodes[i].ChildNodes.Count > 10)
{
for(int j=10; j<TmNodes[i].ChildNodes.Count; j++)
{
XmlNode node = TmNodes[i].ChildNodes[j];
colNum = iIndex;
oTemp = "A" + colNum.ToString();
strIndex = node.SelectSingleNode("exam_gd_tm_id").InnerText;
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = strIndex;
oTemp = "B" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = node.SelectSingleNode("tx_name").InnerText;
oTemp = "C" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = node.SelectSingleNode("tm_key").InnerText;
oTemp = "D" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = node.SelectSingleNode("title").InnerText;
oTemp = "E" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = node.SelectSingleNode("options").InnerText;
oTemp = "F" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = node.SelectSingleNode("answers").InnerText;

oTemp = "G" + colNum.ToString();
fScore = float.Parse(node.SelectSingleNode("score").InnerText == "" ? "0":node.SelectSingleNode("score").InnerText);
fScore *= fRate;
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = fScore.ToString("#,##0.00;(#,##0.00);0");

//考生答案及得分
getUserData(strIndex,ref sAns,ref sScore);
oTemp = "H" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = sAns;
oTemp = "I" + colNum.ToString();
m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = sScore;

iIndex ++;
}
}
}

//保存并关闭Excel
m_objBook.SaveAs(staFile, oMiss, oMiss, oMiss, oMiss,oMiss, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, oMiss,oMiss,oMiss, oMiss);
m_objBook.Close(false, oMiss, oMiss);
m_objBooks.Close();
m_objExcel.Quit();

System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(er); //这些操作很重要，释放Excel进程
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_objSheet);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_objBook);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_objBooks);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_objExcel);
GC.Collect();

//******************************

注：以上关于Excel对象里的一些属性如果不全知道的话，可以通过使用Excel文件里的宏得到。

打开一个Excel文件，工具-》宏-》录制新宏。这样以后你对Excel的所有操作都会被记录下来。操作完成后可以查看刚才录制的宏。通过查看宏文件就可以大概知道某一操作对应什么方法了。但要在C#的Excel对象中使用，和宏里的还不大一样。这时你可以通过.net里的对象浏览器来查找对应的方法或属性的命字和使用方法。