OSPF实验3：OSPF over NBMA下的五种网络类型 推荐

OSPF实验3：OSPF over NBMA下的五种网络类型

实验等级：Professional

实验拓扑：
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[align=left] [/align]
[align=left]实验基本配置：[/align]
[align=left]1. 首先将R1配置成为帧中继交换机：[/align]
[align=left]frame-relay switching[/align]
[align=left]![/align]
[align=left]interface Serial1/0[/align]
[align=left] no ip address[/align]
[align=left] encapsulation frame-relay[/align]
[align=left] clock rate 64000[/align]
[align=left] frame-relay lmi-type ansi[/align]
[align=left] frame-relay intf-type dce[/align]
[align=left] frame-relay route 101 interface Serial1/1 102[/align]
[align=left]![/align]
[align=left]interface Serial1/1[/align]
[align=left] no ip address[/align]
[align=left] encapsulation frame-relay[/align]
[align=left] clock rate 64000[/align]
[align=left] frame-relay lmi-type ansi[/align]
[align=left] frame-relay intf-type dce[/align]
[align=left] frame-relay route 102 interface Serial1/0 101[/align]
[align=left]2. R2和R3的基本配置：[/align]
[align=left] [/align]
[align=left]R2：[/align]
[align=left]interface Loopback0[/align]
[align=left] ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0[/align]
[align=left]! [/align]
[align=left]interface Serial1/0[/align]
[align=left] ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0[/align]
[align=left] encapsulation frame-relay[/align]
[align=left] serial restart-delay 0[/align]
[align=left] frame-relay map ip 12.1.1.3 101 broadcast[/align]
[align=left] no frame-relay inverse-arp[/align]
[align=left]![/align]
[align=left]router ospf 10[/align]
[align=left] router-id 2.2.2.2[/align]
[align=left] log-adjacency-changes[/align]
[align=left] network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0[/align]
[align=left] network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0[/align]
[align=left] [/align]
[align=left]R3：[/align]
[align=left]interface Loopback0[/align]
[align=left] ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0[/align]
[align=left]![/align]
[align=left]interface Serial1/1[/align]
[align=left] ip address 12.1.1.3 255.255.255.0[/align]
[align=left] encapsulation frame-relay[/align]
[align=left] serial restart-delay 0[/align]
[align=left] frame-relay map ip 12.1.1.2 102 broadcast[/align]
[align=left] no frame-relay inverse-arp[/align]
[align=left]![/align]
[align=left]router ospf 10[/align]
[align=left] router-id 3.3.3.3[/align]
[align=left] log-adjacency-changes[/align]
[align=left] network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0[/align]
[align=left] network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0[/align]

Type1----Non_Broadcast（默认）

[align=left] [/align]
[align=left]我们在R2上show ip ospf neighbor，发现没有邻居。说明在这种情况下邻居需要手动配置！配置如下：[/align]
[align=left]R2：[/align]
[align=left] R2(config)#router ospf 10[/align]
[align=left]R2(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.3[/align]
[align=left]R3：[/align]
[align=left]R3(config)#router ospf 10[/align]
[align=left]R3(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.2[/align]
[align=left]此时在R2上查看邻居：[/align]
[align=left]R2#sho ip ospf nei[/align]
[align=left] [/align]
[align=left]Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface[/align]
[align=left]3.3.3.3 1 FULL/DR 00:01:46 12.1.1.3 Serial1/0[/align]
[align=left]发现邻居已经形成并且有DR与BDR的选举！[/align]
[align=left]在R2上查看接口[/align]
[align=left]R2#show ip ospf interface [/align]
[align=left]Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up [/align]
[align=left] Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0 [/align]
[align=left] Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64[/align]
[align=left] Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1 [/align]
[align=left] Designated Router (ID) 3.3.3.3, Interface address 12.1.1.3[/align]
[align=left] Backup Designated router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 12.1.1.2[/align]
[align=left] Flush timer for old DR LSA due in 00:01:40[/align]
[align=left] Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5[/align]
[align=left]在这种网络类型中，hello的间隔是30s。[/align]
[align=left]打开debug信息，我们可以看到在这种网络类型中，OSPF的数据包是单播传送的。[/align]
[align=left]R2#[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 14:52:52.819: OSPF: Send hello to 12.1.1.3 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2[/align]
[align=left]R2#[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 14:52:57.087: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 14:52:57.091: OSPF: End of hello processing[/align]

Type2---- Broadcast

首先去掉刚才手动配置的邻居关系：
R2(config)#router ospf 10
R2(config-router)#no neighbor 12.1.1.3
R3(config)#router ospf 10
R3(config-router)#no neighbor 12.1.1.2
将R2和R3接口的网络类型改成broadcast
R2(config-router)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcast
R3(config-router)#int s1/1
R3(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcast
一会我们就看到了如下信息
R3#
*Aug 14 14:59:52.823: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
[align=left]这说明了在这种网络类型下是不需要手动配置邻居关系的！[/align]
[align=left]R2#show ip ospf nei[/align]
[align=left] [/align]
[align=left]Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface[/align]
[align=left]3.3.3.3 1 FULL/DR 00:00:39 12.1.1.3 Serial1/0[/align]
[align=left]有DR与BDR的选举。[/align]
[align=left]R2#sho ip ospf int[/align]
[align=left]Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up [/align]
[align=left] Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0 [/align]
[align=left] Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 64[/align]
[align=left] Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority 1 [/align]
[align=left] Designated Router (ID) 3.3.3.3, Interface address 12.1.1.3[/align]
[align=left] Backup Designated router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 12.1.1.2[/align]
[align=left] Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5[/align]
[align=left] Hello时间间隔为10s。[/align]
[align=left]R2#[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:02:20.443: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:02:20.959: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:02:20.963: OSPF: End of hello processing[/align]
[align=left]使用224.0.0.5这个组播地址传送数据包。[/align]

Type3---- Point-to-Point

将R2，R3接口的网络类型改成Point-to-Point
R2(config-if)#ip ospf net point-to-point
R3(config-if)#ip ospf net point-to-point
很快我们就可以看到如下信息
R3(config-if)#
*Aug 14 15:06:07.559: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
[align=left]说明这种网络类型也不需要手动指定邻居[/align]
[align=left]R2#sho ip ospf nei[/align]
[align=left] [/align]
[align=left]Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface[/align]
[align=left]3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:37 12.1.1.3 Serial1/0[/align]
[align=left]没有DR/BDR的选举[/align]
[align=left]R2#sh ip ospf int[/align]
[align=left]Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up [/align]
[align=left] Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0 [/align]
[align=left] Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64[/align]
[align=left] Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,[/align]
[align=left] Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5[/align]
[align=left]Hello时间间隔为10s[/align]
[align=left]R2#[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:08:25.311: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2[/align]
[align=left]R2#[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:08:30.259: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:08:30.263: OSPF: End of hello processing[/align]
[align=left]同样也是使用224.0.0.5这个组播地址传送数据。[/align]

Type4---- Point-to-Multipoint

[align=left]将接口改为Point-to-Multipoint[/align]
[align=left]R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint[/align]
[align=left]R3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:10:51.739: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done[/align]
[align=left]同样也不需要手动指定邻居[/align]
[align=left]R2#sho ip ospf nei[/align]
[align=left] [/align]
[align=left]Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface[/align]
[align=left]3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:01:48 12.1.1.3 Serial1/0[/align]
[align=left]没有DR和BDR的选举[/align]
[align=left]R2#sho ip ospf int[/align]
[align=left]Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up [/align]
[align=left] Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0 [/align]
[align=left] Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64[/align]
[align=left] Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,[/align]
[align=left] Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5[/align]
[align=left]Hello时间间隔为30s[/align]
[align=left]R2#[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:12:49.759: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2[/align]
[align=left]R2#[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:12:57.443: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:12:57.447: OSPF: End of hello processing[/align]
[align=left]以224.0.0.5这个组播地址发送数据[/align]

Type5---- Point-to-Multipoint（Non_Broadcast）

改变接口类型为Point-to-Multipoint(Non_Broadcast)
R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast
[align=left]R3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast[/align]
[align=left]这个时候邻居没有被自动发现。我们在R2上手动指定邻居[/align]
[align=left]R2(config-if)#router ospf 10[/align]
[align=left]R2(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.3[/align]
[align=left]R2(config-router)#[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:18:38.955: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done[/align]
[align=left]邻居只要在一边指定即可。说明在这种网络类型下邻居需要手动指定。[/align]
[align=left]R2#sho ip ospf nei[/align]
[align=left] [/align]
[align=left]Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface[/align]
[align=left]3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:01:57 12.1.1.3 Serial1/0[/align]
[align=left]同样没有DR和BDR的选取[/align]
[align=left]R2#sho ip ospf int[/align]
[align=left]Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up [/align]
[align=left] Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0 [/align]
[align=left] Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64[/align]
[align=left] Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,[/align]
[align=left] Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5[/align]
[align=left]Hello时间间隔为30s[/align]
[align=left]R2#[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:21:03.099: OSPF: Send hello to 12.1.1.3 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:21:03.295: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3[/align]
[align=left]*Aug 14 15:21:03.299: OSPF: End of hello processing[/align]
[align=left]使用单播传送OSPF数据。[/align]
[align=left] [/align]
[align=left] [/align]
[align=left]总结：在NBMA网络下5种网络类型具体情况如下表所示：[/align]

[align=left]网络类型[/align]	[align=left]邻居自动发现[/align]	[align=left]有无DR选举[/align]	[align=left]Hello间隔[/align]	[align=left]传输方式[/align]
[align=left]Non_broadcast[/align]	[align=left]否[/align]	[align=left]有[/align]	[align=left]30s[/align]	[align=left]单播[/align]
[align=left]Broadcast[/align]	[align=left]是[/align]	[align=left]有[/align]	[align=left]10s[/align]	[align=left]组播[/align]
[align=left]Point-to-Point[/align]	[align=left]是[/align]	[align=left]无[/align]	[align=left]10s[/align]	[align=left]组播[/align]
[align=left]Point-to-Multipoint[/align]	[align=left]是[/align]	[align=left]无[/align]	[align=left]30s[/align]	[align=left]组播[/align]
[align=left]Point-to-Multipoint(非广播)[/align]	[align=left]否[/align]	[align=left]无[/align]	[align=left]30s[/align]	[align=left]单播[/align]

[align=left] [/align]