The request failed with HTTP status 401:Access Denied
2007-04-19 17:57
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症状
当您尝试调用 Web 服务应用程序并且匿名访问身份验证处于关闭状态时,可能会收到以下错误信息。The request failed with HTTP status 401:Access Denied.Description:An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current Web request.Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code.Exception Details:System.Net.WebException:The request failed with HTTP status 401:Access Denied.回到顶端原因
当匿名访问身份验证对 Web 服务应用程序关闭时,所有的调用方应用程序在发出任何请求之前必须提供凭据。默认情况下,Web 服务客户端代理不继承运行 Web 服务客户端应用程序的安全上下文的凭据。回到顶端解决方案
要解决这个问题,必须使用 Web 服务客户端代理的凭据属性为 Web 服务客户端身份验证设置安全凭据。要设置凭据属性,请执行下列操作之一:• | 第一种方法将 DefaultCredentials 分配给 Web 服务代理类的凭据属性,以在匿名访问身份验证关闭时调用 Web 服务。CredentialCache 类的 DefaultCredentials 属性提供运行应用程序的安全上下文的系统凭据。为此,请使用以下代码:Visual C# .NET 示例//Assigning DefaultCredentials to the Credentials property//of the Web service client proxy (myProxy).myProxy.Credentials= System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;Visual Basic .NET 示例 'Assigning DefaultCredentials to the Credentials property'of the Web service client proxy (myProxy).myProxy.Credentials= System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials |
• | 第二种方法您还可以使用 CredentialCache 类为 Web 服务客户端身份验证提供凭据。创建 CredentialCache 类的实例。创建使用指定的用户名、密码和域的 NetworkCredential 的实例。将 NetworkCredential 添加到具有身份验证类型的 CredentialCache 类。为此,请使用以下代码:Visual C# .NET 示例//Create an instance of the CredentialCache class.CredentialCache cache = new CredentialCache();// Add a NetworkCredential instance to CredentialCache.// Negotiate for NTLM or Kerberos authentication.cache.Add( new Uri(myProxy.Url), "Negotiate", new NetworkCredential("UserName", "Password", "Domain")); //Assign CredentialCache to the Web service Client Proxy(myProxy) Credetials property.myProxy.Credentials = cache;Visual Basic .NET 示例 'Create an instance of the CredentialCache class.Dim cache As CredentialCache = New CredentialCache()'Add a NetworkCredential instance to CredentialCache.'Negotiate for NTLM or Kerberos authentication.cache.Add(New Uri(myProxy.Url), "Negotiate", New NetworkCredential("UserName", "Password", "Domain"))'Assign CredentialCache to the Web service Client Proxy(myProxy) Credetials property.myProxy.Credentials = cache |
状态
这种现象是由设计导致的。回到顶端更多信息
DefaultCredentials 代表运行应用程序的当前安全上下文的系统凭据。对于客户端的应用程序,默认凭据通常是 Windows 凭据,例如运行该程序的用户的用户名、密码和域。对于 ASP.NET 程序,默认凭据是 ASP.NET 辅助进程的标识(或者正在模拟的用户)的用户凭据。在以下示例 ASP.NET 程序中,DefaultCredentials 代表 ASPNET 用户帐户(对于在 Microsoft Internet 信息服务 [IIS] 6.0 上运行的应用程序,则是 NetworkService 用户帐户),因为没有对调用方设置模拟。回到顶端重现此问题的步骤
1. | 使用 Visual C# .NET 或 Visual Basic .NET 创建新的“ASP.NET Web 服务”。 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2. | 将该项目命名为“WebServiceTest”。 | ||||||||||||||||||||
3. | 默认情况下,会创建“Service1.asmx”。 | ||||||||||||||||||||
4. | 取消默认 WebMethod“HelloWorld()”的备注标记。 | ||||||||||||||||||||
5. | 在“生成”菜单上,单击“生成解决方案”。 | ||||||||||||||||||||
6. | 关闭对 WebServiceTest 的匿名访问。为此,请按照下列步骤操作:
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7. | 在“生成”菜单上,单击“生成解决方案”。 | ||||||||||||||||||||
8. | 在浏览器中键入下面的地址以查看“Service1”Web 服务说明: http://localhost/WebServiceTest/Service1.asmx | ||||||||||||||||||||
9. | 测试 HelloWorld WebMethod。WebMethod 能够如期工作。 | ||||||||||||||||||||
10. | 将一个 Web 引用添加到测试“ASP.NET Web 应用程序”。为此,请按照下列步骤操作:
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11. | 在解决方案资源管理器中,右键单击“WebForm1.aspx”,然后单击“查看代码”。 | ||||||||||||||||||||
12. | 将以下代码附加到 Page_Load 事件:Visual C# .NET 示例:// Start an instance of the Web service client-side proxy.localhost.Service1 myProxy = new localhost.Service1();Response.Write( myProxy.HelloWorld());Visual Basic .NET 示例: 'Start an instance of the Web service client-side proxy.Dim myProxy As localhost.Service1 = New localhost.Service1()Response.Write(myProxy.HelloWorld()) | ||||||||||||||||||||
13. | 在“调试”菜单上,单击“开始”,然后在浏览器中查看应用程序。 | ||||||||||||||||||||
14. | “症状”部分讨论的错误信息将会出现在浏览器中。 | ||||||||||||||||||||
15. | 要解决此问题,请将 DefaultCredentials 分配给 Web 服务客户端代理的 Credentials 属性。为此,请在行“Response.Write( myProxy.HelloWorld())”之前插入以下代码:Visual C# .NET 示例:myProxy.Credentials= System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;Visual Basic .NET 示例: myProxy.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials | ||||||||||||||||||||
16. | 重复第 13 步。 |
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