一点一点学ASP.NET之基础概念——HttpModule

HttpModule[/b]

—— 一点一点学ASP.NET

文野：2006年8月9日星期三

上一篇：一点一点学ASP.NET之基础概念——HTTP运行期与页面执行模型

HttpModule[/b]是如何工作的[/b][/b]

当一个HTTP请求到达HttpModule时，整个ASP.NET Framework系统还并没有对这个HTTP请求做任何处理，也就是说此时对于HTTP请求来讲，HttpModule是一个HTTP请求的“必经之路”，所以可以在这个HTTP请求传递到真正的请求处理中心（HttpHandler）之前附加一些需要的信息在这个HTTP请求信息之上，或者针对截获的这个HTTP请求信息作一些额外的工作，或者在某些情况下干脆终止满足一些条件的HTTP请求，从而可以起到一个Filter过滤器的作用。

示例1：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Web;

namespace MyHttpModule

{

/// <summary>

/// 说明：用来实现自己的HttpModule类。

/// 作者：文野

/// 联系：stwyhm@cnblogs.com

/// </summary>

public class MyFirstHttpModule : IHttpModule

{

private void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

HttpContext context = application.Context;

HttpRequest request = application.Request;

HttpResponse response = application.Response;

response.Write("我来自自定义HttpModule中的BeginRequest<br />");

}

private void Application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

HttpContext context = application.Context;

HttpRequest request = application.Request;

HttpResponse response = application.Response;

response.Write("我来自自定义HttpModule中的EndRequest<br />");

}

#region IHttpModule 成员

public void Dispose()

{}

public void Init(HttpApplication application)

{

application.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(Application_BeginRequest);

application.EndRequest += new EventHandler(Application_EndRequest);

}

#endregion

}

}

在Web.config进行如下配置

<add name="MyFirstHttpModule" type="MyHttpModule.MyFirstHttpModule,MyHttpModule"/>



深入了解[/b]HttpModule[/b]

一个HTTP请求在HttpModule容器的传递过程中，会在某一时刻（ResolveRequestCache事件）将这个HTTP请求传递给HttpHandler容器。在这个事件之后，HttpModule容器会建立一个HttpHandler的入口实例，但是此时并没有将HTTP请求控制权交出，而是继续触发AcquireRequestState事件以及PreRequestHandlerExcute事件。在PreRequestHandlerExcute事件之后，HttpModule窗口就会将控制权暂时交给HttpHandler容器，以便进行真正的HTTP请求处理工作。

而在HttpHandler容器内部会执行ProcessRequest方法来处理HTTP请求。在容器HttpHandler处理完毕整个HTTP请求之后，会将控制权交还给HttpModule，HttpModule则会继续对处理完毕的HTTP请求信息流进行层层的转交动作，直到返回到客户端为止。



图1：HttpModule生命周期示意图

示例2：验证HttpModule生命周期

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Web;

namespace MyHttpModule

{

public class ValidaterHttpModule : IHttpModule

{

#region IHttpModule 成员

public void Dispose()

{}

public void Init(HttpApplication application)

{

application.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(application_BeginRequest);

application.EndRequest += new EventHandler(application_EndRequest);

application.PreRequestHandlerExecute += new EventHandler(application_PreRequestHandlerExecute);

application.PostRequestHandlerExecute += new EventHandler(application_PostRequestHandlerExecute);

application.ReleaseRequestState += new EventHandler(application_ReleaseRequestState);

application.AcquireRequestState += new EventHandler(application_AcquireRequestState);

application.AuthenticateRequest += new EventHandler(application_AuthenticateRequest);

application.AuthorizeRequest += new EventHandler(application_AuthorizeRequest);

application.ResolveRequestCache += new EventHandler(application_ResolveRequestCache);

application.PreSendRequestHeaders += new EventHandler(application_PreSendRequestHeaders);

application.PreSendRequestContent += new EventHandler(application_PreSendRequestContent);

}

void application_PreSendRequestContent(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreSendRequestContent<br/>");

}

void application_PreSendRequestHeaders(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreSendRequestHeaders<br/>");

}

void application_ResolveRequestCache(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.Context.Response.Write("application_ResolveRequestCache<br/>");

}

void application_AuthorizeRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.Context.Response.Write("application_AuthorizeRequest<br/>");

}

void application_AuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.Context.Response.Write("application_AuthenticateRequest<br/>");

}

void application_AcquireRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.Context.Response.Write("application_AcquireRequestState<br/>");

}

void application_ReleaseRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.Context.Response.Write("application_ReleaseRequestState<br/>");

}

void application_PostRequestHandlerExecute(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.Context.Response.Write("application_PostRequestHandlerExecute<br/>");

}

void application_PreRequestHandlerExecute(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreRequestHandlerExecute<br/>");

}

void application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.Context.Response.Write("application_EndRequest<br/>");

}

void application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.Context.Response.Write("application_BeginRequest<br/>");

}

#endregion

}

}



多个自定义的[/b]Http Module[/b]的运作[/b][/b]

从运行结果可以看到，在web.config文件中引入自定义HttpModule的顺序就决定了多个自定义HttpModule在处理一个HTTP请求的接管顺序。注：系统默认那几个HttpModule是最先衩ASP.NET Framework所加载上去的。

示例3：（代码类同示例2）



在[/b]HttpModule[/b]中终止此次的[/b]HTTP[/b]请求[/b][/b]

可以利用HttpModule通过调用HttpApplication.CompleteRequest()方法实现当满足某一个条件时终止此次的HTTP请求。

需要注意的是，即使调用了HttpApplication.CompleteRequest()方法终止了一个HTTP请求，ASP.NET Framework仍然会触发HttpApplication后面的这3个事件：EndRequest事件、PreSendRequestHeaders事件、PreSendRequestContent事件。

如果存在多个自定义的HttpModule的话，当Module1终止了一个HTTP请求，这个HTTP请求将不会再触发Module2中相应的事件了，但Module2的最后三个事件仍会被触发。

示例4：

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Text;

using System.Web;

namespace MyHttpModule

{

public class CompleteRequestHttpModule : IHttpModule

{

#region IHttpModule 成员

public void Dispose()

{}

public void Init(HttpApplication application)

{

application.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(Application_BeginRequest);

}

void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;

application.CompleteRequest();

application.Context.Response.Write("请求被终止。");

}

#endregion

}

}



参考资料[/b][/b]

《ASP.NET深入解析》

《ASP.NET实用全书》

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